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Structural analysis and functional assays of S. aureus LtaA reveal that it functions as a proton-coupled flippase of the lipoteichoic acid precursor and that it contributes to S. aureus survival under physiological acidic conditions.
Yeast studies and mathematical modeling reveal a new variable that influences transitions between prion states and persistence of the [PSI+] phenotype: the size of the amyloid seed.
In vitro reconstitution of translesion synthesis–mediated replication fork restart shows how DNA Pol η is recruited to bypass a CPD lesion on the leading strand in the context of the yeast replisome.
In vitro assays using a fully reconstituted DNA replication system reveal that the checkpoint kinase Rad53 restrains CMG helicase activity to prevent DNA unwinding and collapse of stalled forks in response to replication stress.
Cryo-EM structures of Escherichia coli ClpAP undergoing active substrate unfolding and proteolysis reveal contacts that drive substrate translocation and a dynamic switch mechanism at the ClpA–ClpP interface.
A cryo-EM structure of a stable, protease-resistant fibril formed by a fragment of the human prion protein shows two intertwined protofilaments with a tightly packed hydrophobic interface.
The structure of the second zinc finger of SALL4 in complex with pomalidomide, cereblon and DDB1 reveals the unique details of SALL4 recruitment, providing insights for rational design of cereblon-binding drugs with reduced teratogenic risk.
Cryo-EM structures of human ESCRT-III proteins forming membrane-bound and membrane-free filaments show how CHMP1B and IST1 polymerize sequentially, driving membrane tubulation, constriction and bilayer thinning, leading to membrane fission.
Cryo-EM structures of the bovine bestrophin-2 (Best2) channel, in the presence and absence of Ca2+, reveal the differences between bestrophin paralogs, the structural basis for the ion selectivity of bovine Best2 and its Ca2+-independent activity for Cl−.
Emerging evidence that telomere-specific Shelterin components also play roles in DNA replication timing within heterochromatin and genome maintenance suggests a potential common evolutionary origin of their protective and regulatory functions.
Poly-(ADP-ribosylation) is a post-translational modification with broad roles in cell signaling. A recently reported crystal structure reveals how the accessory factor HPF1 extends the catalytic active site of PARP1 and PARP2 to promote the specific ADP-ribosylation of serine residues, a prerequisite for dynamic chromatin changes induced by DNA damage.
The chaperone Hsp27 prevents FUS from undergoing liquid–liquid phase separation until stress-induced phosphorylation causes Hsp27 to partition with FUS to preserve the liquid phase against amyloid fibril formation.
Cryo-EM structures of plasma membrane ATP release channel pannexin 1 reveal heptameric architecture, wide pore and a constriction potentially restricting the size of permeable substrates. Combined with functional assays, they offer insights into channel gating.
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) catalyze deamination of adenosine to inosine. irCLASH identifies dsRNA substrates of ADARs and defines new features of their RNA-binding and editing activity, improving our understanding of these enzymes and aiding with future therapeutic applications.
Identification of SDD1 mRNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an endogenous RQC substrate allows analysis of the mechanism underlying translational stalling and Hel2-dependent polyubiquitination of collided ribosomes to provide insight into ribosome dissociation.