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The results of the two BRAVE phase III trials of baricitinib in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus were inconclusive, meaning that this clinical trial programme has now been terminated.
In a large cohort of patients with psoriasis, treatment with biologic DMARDs targeting the IL-23 pathway was associated with a reduced risk of developing inflammatory arthritis as compared with anti-TNF treatment.
A comprehensive analysis has identified chromatin looping as the mechanism that underlies the association of a pleiotropic genetic variant with several autoimmune diseases.
New findings suggest that inhibition of macrophage fumarate hydratase leads to the release of mitochondrial RNA, which in turn mediates type I interferon production.
Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies precede the development of rheumatoid arthritis, but new results indicate that these antibodies are not necessarily pathogenic, and some might even protect against arthritis.
Following a fracture, γδ T cell expansion in the bone induces the expansion and migration of T helper 17 cells from the gut to the bone to help mediate fracture healing.
Autoimmunity-associated recognition by IL-17A-expressing γδ T cells of high-mannose glycans expressed on kidney cells in patients with lupus nephritis can be mitigated in a mouse lupus model by dietary supplementation with N-acetylglucosamine.
The involvement of citrulline-specific CD4+ T cells in anti-citrulline protein antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well described, whereas less attention has been given to CD8+ T cells. New data suggest that CD8+ T cells also contribute to citrulline-specific immune responses in RA.
Osteoarthritis has many appearances and can stabilize or progress aggressively. However, there is not yet an aetiological classification of osteoarthritis subtypes. Can in silico approaches, despite difficulties in validation, help with the identification of experimentally challenging subtypes? And if they can, will these approaches translate to clinical benefits?
Among the limited quality and quantity of evidence on vaccination use in individuals with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases, a new guideline, developed with a rigorous methodology, provides useful support to clinicians and patients in making health-related decisions. Most recommendations are conditional, serving as a call to action for further research.
In this Review, Cutolo et al. provide an overview of the vitamin D endocrine system and explore the biological and clinical effects of vitamin D3 on innate and adaptive immunity in the context of autoimmune rheumatic diseases and COVID-19.
This Review summarizes the genetic and epigenetic basis of primary Sjögren syndrome, including genetic interactions with factors such as sex and environment. Understanding these processes provides insight into the molecular basis of this disease and might reveal new treatment targets.
Long-term treatment with the anti-resorptive drug denosumab results in a continuous gain in bone mineral density, whereas denosumab withdrawal results in a transient overshoot in bone turnover, with rapid bone loss. This Perspective explores the potential mechanisms underlying these effects.
