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In this Review, Koch-Henriksen and Magyari consider the evidence for changes in the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis, focusing on trends in the incidence of the disease over time and trends in the disease severity, and discuss the factors influencing these trends.
This Review offers a novel theoretical perspective on the neurobehavioural comorbidities of adult and childhood epilepsy, involving new analytical approaches, derivation of new taxonomies and consideration of the diverse forces that influence cognition and behaviour in individuals with epilepsy.
To date, all phase III trials of β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme (BACE) inhibitors for Alzheimer disease were either discontinued or produced negative results. Here the authors present their opinion that BACE inhibitors still hold promise as a preventative therapy for Alzheimer disease and outline a series of experiments to inform future trials.
In this Review, Bodini et al. discuss the contribution that PET is making to our understanding of mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of irreversible neuro-axonal damage that underlies progression in multiple sclerosis.
Reproductive hormones influence migraine in women but the basis of these effects is unknown. In this Review, the authors discuss what is known about sex hormones and their receptors in migraine-related areas of the CNS and the trigeminovascular pathway and propose a simple model to explain how hormones influence menstrual migraine.
The FDA recently granted accelerated approval to aducanumab for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Here, the authors reflect on the events that led to this controversial approval and consider whether any lessons can be learned for the field.
In this Review, Akinyemi and colleagues provide an overview of stroke in Africa, including epidemiology, risk factors, genetics and available stroke services. The authors also discuss the future of stroke care in Africa, highlighting the promise of biobanking and novel leadership initiatives.
Evidence is accumulating that both central and peripheral immune responses are dysregulated in Alzheimer disease (AD). This roadmap reviews the current status of this research and provides a new research prospectus to advance our understanding of peripheral–central immune crosstalk in AD.
In India, the peak of SARS-CoV-2 infections in May 2021 was paralleled by an outbreak of rhino-oculo-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) — a fungal infection affecting the nose, eyes and brain. This outbreak provided a unique opportunity to study the neurological manifestations of ROCM and to investigate new treatments for the condition.
More than 90% of people with Down syndrome develop Alzheimer disease but receive little or no treatment for their dementia. Novel biomarkers of ageing and dementia bring new hope to this medically vulnerable population and can also help researchers understand dementia in other populations.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial has found the neonatal Fc receptor modulator efgartigimod to be an effective therapy for generalized myasthenia gravis. If a pending FDA application is approved, the treatment will be the first recombinant antibody-based therapy for selective IgG depletion, adding to a growing spectrum of treatment options for myasthenia gravis.