This Review highlights how two discoveries — expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) by astrocytes and a correlation between astrocytic α7nAChR overexpression and amyloid-β pathology — are bridging the gap between the cholinergic and amyloid cascade hypotheses of Alzheimer disease pathogenesis.

An artificial intelligence-based tool can turn low-resolution clinical MRI scans into high-resolution 3D objects suitable for research studies. The new approach opens up the possibility of secondary analysis of large clinical MRI datasets to answer disease-relevant questions, although further work to automate scan annotation will be required.

In this Review, the authors discuss recent efforts to predict disease onset, treatment response and disease outcome in individuals with psychosis. They cover genetic, biological, clinical and environmental predictive factors and assess whether the variation in outcomes is attributable to differences in the pathophysiology of psychosis.

In a recent PET study, microglial activation in the frontal cortex predicted cognitive decline in individuals with frontotemporal dementia.

According to new research in a mouse model, systemic immune exhaustion could underlie the association between obesity and risk of developing Alzheimer disease.

In a recent PET study, microglial activation in the frontal cortex predicted cognitive decline in individuals with frontotemporal dementia.

New findings suggest that bidirectional communication between T cells and the gut microbiome can influence autoimmune disease.

New research reports changes in serum blood–brain barrier (BBB) markers after bilateral tonic–clonic seizures, corroborating earlier observations in animal models.

A growing understanding of the neurobiology of psychosis offers hope for an improvement in the standard of care; this includes the development of individualized, precision therapeutics. However, the path to precision psychiatry is long, and progress would be accelerated by greater collaboration with the fields of neurology and neuroscience.

Prediction tools offer great promise for clinicians in the prevention and treatment of psychosis, but none has been routinely implemented. Greater methodological rigour in the development and evaluation of these tools, along with consideration of a range of performance criteria, is necessary to maximize their potential for improving clinical decision making.