Volume 15 Issue 10, October 2019

Psychological problems such as depression and anxiety can hamper self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A new prospective study reported that adults with T2DM and diagnosed anxiety disorder had a higher number of emergency visits and a higher cost status, but not total hospitalization costs, than those without diagnosed anxiety disorder.

Metformin is the first-line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is effective in decreasing plasma glucose levels. This review summarizes the glucoregulatory mechanisms of metformin in T2DM and highlights emerging evidence that metformin decreases obesity-induced meta-inflammation and acts in the gastrointestinal tract.

Daily TSH secretion profiles are disrupted in some patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Here, the authors discuss the interconnection between circadian clocks and thyroid function and highlight the possible link between thyroid cancer and disrupted circadian machinery

Turner syndrome is a rare disorder of women associated with complete or partial loss of one X chromosome. This Review presents an updated discussion of the pathogenetic mechanisms and management of Turner syndrome.

The COST programme funded two European Actions for the systematic elucidation of differences of sex development and congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In this Perspective article, the authors describe the achievements of these two related COST Actions and highlight the gaps in research.