Reviews & Analysis

Intermittent fasting diets are increasingly popular alternatives to traditional weight loss methods; however, their efficacy and safety are currently unclear. This Review evaluates the current research on intermittent fasting and discusses the benefits and challenges of these diets.

A new paper explores genetic risk factors for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-reproductive PCOS phenotypes in women and men. This work affirms that PCOS is indeed a metabolic disorder, that ovarian function is not required for cardiometabolic features and that this condition has implications for both men and women.

Nelson and colleagues compare whole body, skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue insulin resistance in inbred mouse strains fed a chow or a Western diet. They report large strain-related differences in diet-induced effects on weight gain and insulin action, and demonstrate that tissue-specific insulin sensitivity can be disentangled from systemic insulin resistance.

This Review discusses the role of mitochondria in metabolism and how mitochondria contribute to age-related metabolic diseases. This knowledge might guide us in designing therapies targeting metabolic disorders to extend human health span and lifespan.

Abnormal uterine bleeding affects many individuals who menstruate and can have a detrimental impact on physical and mental health. This Review discusses endometrial physiology and the causes underlying abnormal uterine bleeding (including heavy menstrual bleeding).

Evidence from cohort studies and clinical trials supports an aetiological role of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in the development of obesity and related chronic diseases. This Review provides an up-to-date view, considering the evidence, potential mechanisms and policy actions to reduce the global intake of SSBs.

Treatment of primary hypothyroidism is improving but many patients still report a reduced quality of life compared with healthy individuals. This Review discusses the management of primary hypothyroidism and the potential reasons for patient dissatisfaction with treatment.

Diabetes mellitus is a global health issue, yet huge regional disparities exist in its care, including in access to basic necessities such as insulin. In this Viewpoint, six experts from different regions discuss differences in access to insulin and other diabetes mellitus therapies as well as the key barriers in diabetes mellitus care accessibility and potential solutions.

Thyroid hormone is important during pregnancy, as it facilitates appropriate fetal development. Furthermore, thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy can negatively affect obstetric outcomes and maternal health. This Review discusses the evaluation and management of thyroid disorders in pregnancy and in the postpartum period.

This Review outlines the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications in sub-Saharan Africa, including the pathogenesis, standards of care for treatment and preventive strategies.