Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction are diseases of pregnancy that arise from disorders of placental development. This Review discusses healthy development of the placenta and considers disease mechanisms, biomarkers and diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
This Review highlights the research advances, advantages and challenges in several different strategies for generating functional β-cells for therapeutic use in diabetes mellitus. In addition, scalable bioengineering processes are also discussed for the realization of the therapeutic potential of derived β-cells.
Creatine is well known to have a key role in energy buffering; however, new work is showing that creatine also has roles in diverse cell types and physiological conditions that are distinct from this classic role. This Review discusses the role of creatine in adipocyte thermogenesis, immunity and cancer cell survival.
Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus exert key regulatory control over reproduction and are subjected to tight control by metabolic factors. This Review highlights the mechanisms by which kisspeptin neurons undergo metabolic regulation, from early developmental stages through to adulthood.
Understanding the mechanisms behind β-cell failure in diabetes mellitus is critical to prevent or revert disease. This Review highlights new findings from studies performed on human β-cells or on samples obtained from patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Gain-of-function mutations in the genes encoding ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) subunits cause neonatal diabetes mellitus. This Review discusses the mechanism of action of mutations that lead to neonatal diabetes mellitus and briefly reviews work on the management of this disease.
This Review discusses the emerging aspects of crosstalk in the nuclear receptor field. The authors present various mechanistic crosstalk modes and provide examples that support applicability of the atypical heterodimer concept.
High doses and long-term use of glucocorticoids lead to an important and common iatrogenic complication, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. This Review outlines our current understanding of the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and discusses treatment options.
This Review summarizes the process involved in the metabolism of macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) with a focus on the physiological and neuroendocrine aspects. The associations between macronutrients and obesity are also discussed in the context of factors such as genetics and the microbiome composition.
Young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosed in people aged <40 years has a more rapid disease course that later-onset T2DM. This Review discusses the current and future burden of young-onset T2DM in different populations and highlights the associations of young-onset T2DM with premature mortality and morbidity.
The adrenal glands are a source of androgens that all share an oxygen atom on carbon 11 (termed 11-oxyandrogens). This Review focuses on the rapidly expanding knowledge regarding the implications of 11-oxyandrogens in human physiology and disease.
This Review discusses mechanisms of cellular senescence and approaches to target this pathway therapeutically using ‘senolytic’ drugs or inhibitors of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. In addition, evidence is presented that cellular senescence has a causative role in multiple chronic diseases associated with ageing and/or endocrine diseases.
This Review discusses the connections between insulin signalling and oncogenic transformation, highlighting the potential effect of insulin as a pro-tumorigenic factor. The latest studies examining new approaches to circumvent systemic insulin feedback to increase the antitumour effect of agents targeting the insulin signalling pathway are discussed.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has genetic and environmental risk factors that result in impaired glucose homeostasis. This Review discusses efforts to identify molecular mechanisms associated with T2DM susceptibility loci and highlights the current human models that are used to study β-cell development and function.
This Review examines the emerging concept that distinct ceramide species in specific cellular compartments can exert specialized functions in obesity-associated deterioration of metabolic homeostasis. Ceramides are therefore potential targets in the development of novel and specific therapies for obesity and obesity-associated diseases.
Food is widely assumed to be a zeitgeber, or time cue, for the human circadian system; however, evidence from human trials is scarce. This Review highlights evidence from human studies that food is a zeitgeber and compares findings against formal zeitgeber criteria.
Selenium status varies across the world and adverse health effects have been observed at both extremes of intake. This Review discusses the physiological functions of selenium and highlights evidence that selenium status is important in thyroid function. The evidence for selenium supplementation from randomized clinical trials in benign thyroid diseases is also considered.
This article discusses the role of thyroid hormones in craniofacial bone formation. The clinical consequences of thyroid hormone excess and deficiency are also outlined.
