Reviews & Analysis

This PrimeView highlights the epidemiology of bladder cancer and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Dyrskjøt et al.

Urothelial bladder cancer has various pathogenic pathways and comprises distinct molecular subtypes. This Primer reviews the epidemiology of the disease with a focus on risk factors, discusses mechanisms of pathogenesis, diagnosis and management at different disease stages, and highlights patient quality of life and open research questions.

This PrimeView summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of traumatic muscle injury. This injury type is defined as traumatic damage of the muscle tissue that can result in a functional deficit.

This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of traumatic muscle injury. This injury type is defined as traumatic damage to the muscle tissue that can result in a functional deficit.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms underlying Hirschsprung disease and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Montalva et al.

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by absence of ganglion cells in the bowel, leading to constipation, abdominal distension and intestinal obstruction. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of HSCR, and discusses quality of life of patients as well as novel avenues for research.

This PrimeView summarizes the pathophysiology of hepatitis A virus infection and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Van Damme et al.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection causes an acute liver disease that resolves with no long-term sequelae in most patients. Some patients will develop acute liver failure requiring transplantation. This Primer discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of HAV infection.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of male infertility, and also summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis, management and outlook for this condition.

Male infertility is increasing globally and is an under-recognized factor in couples’ infertility. In this Primer, Eisenberg and colleagues provide an overview of the epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of male infertility, focusing on impairments in spermatogenesis.

This PrimeView summarizes the mechanisms of glycogen storage diseases, a group of genetic disorders characterized by liver and/or muscle dysfunction.

This Primer provides a general overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of the glycogen storage diseases. These genetic conditions are characterized by deficits in glycogenesis, glycogenolysis or glycolysis.

This PrimeView highlights the management of major depressive disorder, a common mental health disorder characterized by low mood, and reduced interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities.

This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). This Primer also reviews how this disorder affects patient quality of life, and provides an overview of future research.

This PrimeView highlights the prevention strategies against HIV infection, as well as the epidemiology, mechanisms, management and outlook.

In HIV infection, the virus invades and destroys the immune system of the host. This Primer by Bekker and colleagues summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection, and discusses patient quality of life and open research questions for this condition.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms, diagnosis, epidemiology and management of frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is one of the most common causes of early-onset dementia. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of frontotemporal dementia and discusses how this disorder affects patients’ quality of life.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of HIV-associated lung disease, as well as the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, management and outlook.

HIV-associated lung disease includes acute, infectious illnesses such as tuberculosis as well as chronic, non-infectious conditions such as chronic obstructive lung disease and lung cancer. This Primer reviews the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of these lung conditions, their effect on patient quality of life, and future directions for research and treatment.