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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Esx-3 secretion substrate, EsxH, inhibits ESCRT function and blocks efficient antigen presentation to T cells during infection.
Influenza virus infection produces double-stranded RNA precursors that are converted to small interfering RNAs by host Dicer; this RNA interference mechanism is inhibited by viral protein NS1.
Dusp6-deficient mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity. Transfer of the faecal microbiota from Dusp6-deficient mice increases energy expenditure and reduces weight gain of recipient germ-free wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet.
Staphylococcus aureus produces nitric oxide to regulate bacterial respiration and maintain membrane potential in microaerophilic conditions and during colonization.
Mice made susceptible to MERS-CoV, using CRISPR–Cas9 to alter the gene encoding the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 receptor, allow efficient viral replication in the lungs and display symptoms indicative of severe acute respiratory stress.
Study of the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse system reveals that early life history impacts mouse gut microbiome composition and although dietary changes have only a moderate effect on the microbiome, it does shape the gut metabolome.
Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbiota, has been a major organizing concept in microbiome science. Here, we discuss how the balance concept, a holdover from prescientific thought, is irrelevant to — and may even distract from — useful microbiome research.
Time, the master regulator of work–life balance, is a rare commodity. Parenting further depletes its stock, so support systems are needed to help investigators navigate the early stages of parenthood and minimize the impact on scientific advancement and career progression.
Microorganisms produce antibiotics, which can exclude competitors, but bacteria typically only synthesize modest amounts of these compounds. New work suggests this may be an evolutionary strategy to balance the benefits of antimicrobial warfare against inadvertently providing help to resistant free-loaders.
Characterization of the genomes of the parasite Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of river blindness, and its Wolbachia symbiont reveals potential therapeutic targets.
A genomic comparison of 27 global isolates of Onchocerca volvulus, the agent of river blindness, elucidates its evolutionary history and reveals ancestry informative loci that can differentiate between forest, savanna and admixed isolates.
Removal of thiamin (vitamin B1), a compound previously considered essential to all living organisms, does not impact the growth or survival of the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi.
A minimal bacterial community has been defined that provides colonization resistance to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium once established in germ-free mice to a similar extent as a conventional microbial community.
The cryo-EM structure of an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody from an elite neutralizer reveals the fusion peptide of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) as a site of vulnerability that may be explored by future therapies.
Single-cell RNA-seq finds a pro-inflammatory M1 polarized immune response in macrophages infected with actively replicating Salmonella and an anti-inflammatory M2-like response in uninfected bystanders or cells with non-replicating bacteria.
Palindromic nucleotide sequences are not present at individual integration sites for the retroviruses HTLV-1 and HIV-1, but arise in the population average owing to a non-palindromic motif found in roughly equal proportions on the plus and minus strands.
The Aspergillus fumigatus surface protein CalA mediates pulmonary invasion by interacting with integrin α5β1 on the surface of epithelial and endothelial cells, inducing endocytosis and enhancing virulence.