This Review discusses the evolution, emergence and expansion of environmental fungicide and antifungal drug resistance.

This Review reflects on the major challenges in bacterial mRNA vaccine design, provides strategies for tailoring mRNA construct design to promote humoral or cellular immunity, and provides an overview of the translational landscape for mRNA vaccines.

In this Review, Tonkin-Hill et al. discuss the processes driving bacterial evolution and emergence of pathogenesis within hosts, the importance of understanding within-host genetic diversity, and the implications for transmission analysis and infectious disease control.

Whole-metagenome sequencing of 1,780 raw-material, end-product and surface samples from 113 food processing facilities reveals the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance determinants in foods and their processing environments.

The Sabiá virus spike complex undergoes conformational changes upon cell entry, from a native closed to an open state, which is dependent on pH and a metal ion.

Two polypeptides synthesized by common bacterial strains in human gut microbiota lower body fat and blood glucose and increase bone density, improving the metabolism of rodents.

Proteomic characterization of varicella-zoster virus–host protein interactions and infection-induced changes in a neuronal cell line identifies potential targets for drug discovery and molecular insights into severe disease.

Whole-metagenome sequencing of 1,780 raw-material, end-product and surface samples from 113 food processing facilities reveals the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance determinants in foods and their processing environments.

Outer membrane attachment to peptidoglycan enables periplasmic pressure to build up and counter cytoplasmic turgor pressure, preventing lysis during osmotic challenges in Escherichia coli.

A smartphone-controlled ingestible capsule can have a two-way communication with engineered microbes inside the gut via light-induced signals.

We summarize our Focus issue on ‘Strategies to overcome infectious disease’ and present some of the approaches to tackle heightening rates of infectious diseases.

Fitsum Tadesse was infected with malaria as a young child in Ethiopia and faced challenges to access efficacious treatment during a time of widespread drug resistance. Today, as a scientist in Africa, the fight against Plasmodium falciparum is his prime research goal.

We reflect on self-reported gender information for corresponding authors and reviewers at Nature Microbiology and identify actions to address disparities.

In environments like the deep subsurface, microorganisms with long doubling times can remain metabolically active for millions of years — we propose referring to this class of extremophile as aeonophiles.

The Pandemic Agreement proves that nations can work together to tackle future pandemic threats and provides cautious optimism in otherwise uncertain times.