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Aberrant immune responses to the intestinal microbiome have emerged as major contributors to chronic intestinal inflammation, but the microbial species involved in inflammatory bowel diseases remain unknown. Our study identified dietary and commensal yeasts of the gut that drive the expansion of some cross-reactive CD4+ type 1 helper T cells with cytotoxic effector functions, which potentially contributes to immunopathology in patients with Crohn’s disease.
A novel AI-based decision support system for insulin titration in type 2 diabetes reveals important considerations surrounding the feasibility of clinical implementation.
A spatially coupled, individual-based simulation of malaria in Rwanda was used to evaluate changes in drug policy in response to artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Our findings suggest that the deployment of multiple first-line therapies has the potential to reduce treatment failures and slow the fixation of resistant alleles in populations.
Recent years have seen major advances in heart failure treatment, but gaps in implementation and disparities in care remain; this Review outlines the current state of the field.
Researchers have developed a screening tool for autism that uses computer vision and machine learning to analyze autism-related behaviors — but greater reliability and robust validation will be needed if such tools are to be used in primary care settings.
A systematic review of evidence, across the key pillars of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, outlines milestones that need to be met to enable the broad clinical implementation of precision medicine in diabetes care.
The response to neoadjuvant treatment can be used to stratify individuals with muscle-invasive bladder cancer according to their risk of progression, enabling bladder-sparing approaches for some — and heralding a shift from the existing one-size-fits-all approach.
Clinical and population-based cohorts revealed an interaction between the inherited PNPLA3 p.I148M variant and female sex in determining liver disease. Transcriptomic and functional studies showed that the mechanism encompasses ERα-dependent upregulation of PNPLA3 in hepatocytes, highlighting a target for precision medicine therapeutics in cisgender women.
Whole-genome sequencing of Clostridioides difficile from a densely sampled intensive care unit (ICU) population showed that many of these patients harbor toxigenic C. difficile. This carriage did not lead to high levels of cross-transmission but was associated with a greatly increased risk of developing clinically overt C. difficile infection.
As the search for new and better treatments for Alzheimer’s disease continues, a phase 1 proof-of-concept study evaluating senolytic therapy breaks new ground.
Mounting evidence, including the recent (and unprecedented) phase 2 data on retatrutide, supports a role for incretin hormone agonists in treating obesity. But with great power comes great responsibility.
Using pathology data from Twitter, researchers have built a visual-language model for classifying and retrieving histopathology images — representing a milestone in the development of multifunctional foundational artificial intelligence models in computational pathology.
By integrating genomic and in vitro functional analysis, this study uncovers tumor-intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies that target B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) or the orphan G-protein-coupled-receptor GPRC5D in multiple myeloma (MM), highlighting a pivotal role for mutations in the genes encoding BCMA and GPRC5D in driving clinical relapse. These insights provide crucial guidance for the selection of therapeutic strategies and the development of next-generation targeted immunotherapies in MM.
Our study exposes the determinants of healthy aging in Latin America, underscoring the importance of the effects of social and health disparities compared with traditional factors such as age and sex. Our findings highlight an urgent need for more targeted detection of health risks, interventions and policies, particularly in low-income regions.
Despite an urgent need, approved and clinically usable biomarkers for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain elusive — but a new study moves the field closer to this goal.
This Review summarizes recent advances in biomarkers and therapies for Alzheimer disease—the products of decades of research—and discusses the challenges, gaps and clinical implications.
The current definition of myocardial infarction is applied inconsistently, with implications for patients and research; here, the authors propose a new definition and call for further research and consensus.
We performed gene therapy to induce expression of GDNF in the ventral tegmental area of rhesus monkey brains. Our approach countered the hypodopaminergic state that is associated with chronic alcohol drinking and reduced alcohol intake to fewer than two drinks per day while other ingestive behaviors remained intact. These findings, along with results from our ongoing clinical trials of GDNF gene therapy in other diseases, support future application of this approach in humans with alcohol-use disorder.
