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Understanding the dynamics of the gut microbiota over the course of cancer treatment regimens and their associated adverse events can help identify microbial features that associate with response to immune checkpoint blockade.
In a prospective study across US states where abortion remains legal, telehealth medication abortion, provided primarily without tests, was effective, safe and comparable to previous findings from large US studies investigating in-person medication abortion care.
Denosumab, a receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand inhibitor, previously developed for osteoporosis, was shown to be effective at inducing structural modification in patients with erosive hand osteoarthritis after 24 weeks.
Fifteen years’ follow-up of clinical development and real-world data from 43 patients show that gammaretroviral gene therapy for adenosine deaminase deficiency has a positive long-term efficacy profile, warranting continued safety monitoring of patients receiving gene therapy.
In the phase 2 HUDSON study, patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer received anti-PD-L1 combined with biomarker-guided therapy targeting ATR kinase, PARP, STAT3 or CD73, leading to encouraging clinical benefit in response to combination of the ATR kinase inhibitor ceralasertib with durvalumab.
In an exploratory preplanned biomarker analysis of the phase 3 PARADIGM trial, a lack of resistance gene alterations in baseline circulating tumor DNA (negative hyperselection) was associated with prolonged overall survival after first-line panitumumab with chemotherapy in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer.
An interrupted time series analysis found that the World Health Organization Framework Convention for Tobacco Control reduced smoking prevalence across 170 countries (excluding China) since the country-specific year of ratification.
Small-molecule senolytic compounds targeting BCL-xL were beneficial in a mouse model of diabetic edema and well tolerated when tested in a phase 1 trial involving eight patients with diabetic macular edema.
In this first-in-human phase 1 dose-escalation trial of OMO-103, a MYC inhibitor, in patients with solid tumors, treatment was safe and showed preliminary clinical activity along with demonstrated target engagement and identification of potential pharmacodynamic markers.
In a large-scale study involving 389 board-certified dermatologists and 459 primary-care physicians from 39 countries, the impact of a deep learning-aided decision support system on physicians’ diagnostic accuracy was tested across 46 skin diseases and for both light and dark skin tones.
Implementation of a self-referral chatbot for mental healthcare services increased access substantially in a large multicenter study, with a much larger effect on minority individuals.
In a prespecified interim analysis of the phase 3 trial GEMSTONE-304, anti-PD-L1 with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone led to significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Interim analysis of the SHIELD program, adopting multilevel interventions, showcases low mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) across different hospital and community settings in China.
To evaluate the effects of implementing the WHO Labour Care Guide on cesarean section rates, as compared to routine intrapartum care, a pilot trial conducted in India generated preliminary evidence around the effectiveness of the strategy that can inform larger definitive trials.
In a post hoc multiomics analysis of a trial comparing a plant-based, low-fat diet to an animal-based, ketogenic diet, the diets have differential effects on peripheral immune cell frequencies and immune-related gene expression.
A small number of patients who received growth hormone preparations contaminated with seeds of the amyloid-beta protein developed Alzheimer’s disease many years after treatment.
Cohort-scale integration of clinical and proteomic data from tumor tissues in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma led to the identification of a prognostic risk model for patient stratification as well as biomarkers of response to adjuvant chemotherapy, validated in independent external cohorts.
Simulation of improvements in hypertension care across wealth quintiles in 44 low- and middle-income countries demonstrates that targeted improvements in diagnosis and treatment could considerably reduce within-country, socioeconomic-based inequalites in cardiovascular disease burden.
This study identifies a fluid biomarker of TDP-43 dysfunction, a central pathological feature of the ALS–FTD disease spectrum, and demonstrates that such loss of TDP-43 splicing repression occurs presymptomatically.
In a large prospective cohort of 1,090 pregnant women with a high risk of fetal genetic diseases, a cell-free DNA screening identified cases of aneuploidies, microdeletions and monogenic variants with high accuracy in concordance to standard diagnostic tests