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Growing evidence shows that dietary interventions can be effective at treating or delaying some diseases, but further trials are needed for wider adoption.
In a large multinational cohort study, maternal, gestational or pregestational diabetes was associated with only a small-to-moderate risk of ADHD in offspring, contrary to previous estimates that showed stronger effect sizes, attributing the differences in findings to confounding by shared genetic and familial factors.
The analysis of continuous glucose monitoring measurements from a large cohort of nondiabetic individuals uncovered large inter- and intraindividual variabilities, with potential implications for current diagnostic cutoffs for diabetes diagnosis and several cardiometabolic clinical measures.
Treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with a personalized DNA vaccine in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy was safe and led to encouraging clinical efficacy, with immunological analyses confirming the induction of tumor antigen-specific T cell responses.
Global nephrology societies have called on the WHO and health communities to tackle the growing burden of chronic kidney disease, which has been under-recognized for too long.
Most suspected cholera cases are not tested for Vibrio cholerae. Integrating systematic testing into cholera surveillance systems, even with imperfect rapid diagnostic tests, could yield large gains in efficiency and cost savings in the geographic targeting of mass oral cholera vaccination campaigns.
Evaluation of a clinical summarization method based on GPT-4 suggests that such models might reduce the documentation burden on clinicians — but prospective evaluation with high-priority tasks will be the true test of its potential.
Deployment of mobile vaccination teams to remote communities in Sierra Leone substantially increased COVID-19 vaccine uptake, and could potentially be bundled with other health interventions.
Patients with carotid artery plaque that contain microplastics and nanoplastics were found to be at higher risk of cardiovascular events and mortality than those in whom the particles were not detected.
In an interim analysis of a phase 1/2 trial, a heterologous prime boost vaccine comprised of a chimpanzee adenovirus and self-amplifying mRNA that encodes neoantigens derived from common oncogenic driver mutations in combination with immune checkpoint blockade was safe and elicited neoantigen-specific T cell responses in patients with advanced solid tumors.
In rhesus macaques, treatment with an IL-15 superagonist and broad neutralizing antibodies led to durable suppression of viremia after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy.
In an updated systematic review and meta-analysis, fixed-dose combination therapy using a polypill with at least one blood pressure-lowering drug and one lipid-lowering drug was found to reduce both incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
In a prospective cohort of Chinese participants aged 65 years and older, heatwaves doubled the risk of mortality, especially in adults with functional impairments and dependency on daily living activities.
In healthcare, many artificial intelligence models could be used in settings other than those for which they were approved. But such off-label use must include an empirical or mechanistic evaluation to ensure patient safety.