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In adults with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea and obesity, tirzepatide showed several improvements in sleep characteristics with an acceptable safety profile, relative to control.
Machine learning classifiers generated using chronic neural measurements in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder accurately predicted clinical status and deep brain stimulation response.
A risk score using only three clinical variables—age, body mass index and history of atrial fibrillation—predicts heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, an underdiagnosed condition, without the need for echocardiographic imaging.
The liver can create a uniquely favorable milieu for early colonization by metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. A study now highlights mechanisms — such as neutrophil extracellular traps, or NETs — that drive this process; this could inform strategies for intercepting metastasis and improving survival.
A recent workshop brought together global leaders in diabetes to assess existing approaches to disease heterogeneity and to identify research gaps, with a goal of achieving precision diabetology for all patients globally.
In this triple-arm, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, first-line treatment of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer with the anti-PD-L1 benmelstobart, tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib and chemotherapy (CT) showed improved survival outcomes compared with anlotinib and CT or CT alone.
Preliminary findings in seven patients with mismatch repair-proficient metastatic colorectal cancer who were treated in the context of a phase 2 trial show that adoptive transfer of autologous peripheral blood T lymphocytes that were retrovirally transduced with personalized neoantigen-reactive T cell receptors can be safe and induce early clinical responses.
Human genetics, pathogen genomics, social and environmental data and AI are transforming public health—enabling more-precise interventions that account for heterogeneity in and across populations.
Changes in lipidome profiles, as reflected by improvements in dietary fat quality from saturated to unsaturated fats, were associated with reduced cardiometabolic disease risk, and high-risk populations with unhealthy lipidome profiles would most benefit from an olive oil-rich Mediterranean diet.
Using routinely collected multimodal clinical data, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model to identify dementia and determine factors causing it, including mixed dementias and Alzheimer’s disease. The model’s predictions were confirmed with biomarker evidence and neuropathological findings, and we show that the AI model, when used in conjunction with neurologist assessments, outperformed neurologist assessments alone.
Although gut microorganisms have been associated with type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms involving specific microbial strains remain unidentified. Now, a comprehensive study has analyzed 8,117 shotgun metagenomes from the USA, Europe, Israel and China, providing cross-population microbial signatures in a strain-resolved manner and new mechanistic insights into type 2 diabetes.
In a post-approval study including more than 17,000 patients on the safety of pulsed field ablation, a new method for treatment of atrial fibrillation, the procedure was found to have a low rate of adverse events but was associated with some unexpected rare complications that will need further study.
In an interim analysis, an artificial intelligence model was nearly four times more efficient in terms of cancers detected per number of magnetic resonance imaging tests, compared to traditional breast density measures used in a previous clinical trial.
