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Immune cells respond to a variety of external cues, suggesting specialized microenvironments, depicted by the various doorways, can profoundly influence their function. This month we present a series of commissioned review articles that focus on unique anatomical niches that are key to immune cell development and function. These reviews and additional internet-only content are available free online (www.nature.com.ni/focus/niches/index.html) during April 2006. Artwork by Lewis Long.
The stimulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by the presentation of antigen acquired from outside the cell was the startling conclusion of Michael Bevan's work done more than 30 years ago.
Ikaros regulatory proteins are essential for proper lymphoid cell development. Several new functions for Ikaros have been defined by surrogate marker expression in early hematopoietic progenitor populations.
Deubiquitinating enzymes remove polyubiquitin chains from and alter the fate of specific target proteins. The CYLD deubiquitinating enzyme regulates proximal T cell receptor signaling in thymocytes by selectively binding to and deubiquitinating the active form of the kinase Lck.
The adaptor protein MyD88 is involved in interleukin 1 receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling. Unexpectedly, new evidence shows that MyD88 also participates in interferon-γ-induced cellular responses.