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The identification of BLTA and its ligand B7x adds to the growing list of negative costimulatory molecules that can dampen the adaptive immune response.
The anti-influenza CD8+ T cell response in HLA-A2 adults is dominated by a specific TCR. The crystal structure of the TCR and peptide-MHC complex show unusual interactions that help to explain the molecular basis of this dominant TCR selection.
CpG signaling through TLR9 elicits type 1 cytokine production, which can suppress IgE-associated hypersensitivity reactions. CpG also acts directly on B cells by inducing STAT1-independent T-bet expression.
A family of intracellular molecules called NODs has been proposed to sense bacteria within the cell. New data now show that NOD1 senses a distinct bacterial component and may thus be important in responding to bacteria with this molecular signature.
A comprehensive overview and four review articles that demystify the molecular mechanisms underlying lymphocytes' unique recombination events and specific gene expression programs.