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Randolph and colleagues analyze the immune cells in the human and mouse peritoneum and show that the major populations of serous cavity-resident macrophages in humans and mice represent distinct differentiation stages of an overlapping differentiation program.
Wang and colleagues revealed how oleic acid produced by thymic epithelial cells could affect the developing thymocytes to differentiate into peripheral regulatory T cells.
Koelle and colleagues use an activation marker-dependent approach to determine the recruitment of TCR by three doses of mRNA vaccination in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Colonna and colleagues show that the transcription factor Aiolos controls chromatin accessibility and histone acetylation at genes linked to the activation of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Cyster and colleagues show that CD97–CD55 interactions, which trigger Gα13–ARHGEF–Rho cytoskeletal signaling, are needed for proper MZ B cell positioning/retention in the spleen and for optimal antibody responses to T cell-independent antigens.
Pulendran and colleagues delineated the mechanisms underlying the nonspecific antiviral effects exerted by the BCG vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and reveal a pivotal role for BCG-specific CD4+ T cells that produce interferon-γ in imprinting a persistent antiviral innate program in the lung, mediating heterologous viral protection.
Here, the authors show that combining γ9δ2 TCR-mediated metabolic and co-stimulatory stress targeting by chimeric NKG2D or anti-CD277 co-receptors shapes transcriptomic heterogeneity of engineered T cells and is associated with improved control of solid tumors.
Sharpe and colleagues devise a conditional gene deletion model in mice for rapid sequential, combinatorial and lineage-specific interrogation of gene function in hematopoietic cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages (iMACs) are being used to make chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophages for immunotherapy. Here the authors design a second-generation macrophage-specific CAR by integrating CD3ζ and toll/IL-1R (TIR) domains resulting in an M1-polarized CAR-iMAC with increased antitumor functions.
Wu and colleagues identify gene networks and transcription factors that control the differentiation of stem-like CD8+ CAR T cells into effector or exhausted CD8+ CAR T cells.
Mandal and colleagues report how the chromatin modulator BRWD1 mediates extensive changes in 3D chromatin topology during B cell development by converting static to dynamic cohesin.
Iwawura et al. identify a noncanonical role for NOD1, independent from its CARD-mediated proteoglycan sensing. Interactions between NOD1 and STAT5 are required for optimal lymphopoiesis in response to homeostatic cytokines.
Love and colleagues find an inhibitory function for CD3ζ ITAMs in response to low-affinity ligands, meaning that CD3ζ can perform a dual function in TCR signaling by playing a positive or negative role depending on the affinity of the TCR for its peptide ligand.
Veillette and colleagues show that CD47 on tumor cells interacts in cis with the pro-phagocytic ligand SLAMF7, masking the ability of SLAMF7 to engage its homotypic receptor on macrophages and to trigger phagocytosis.
Luster and colleagues report that lung-resident ST2+ regulatory T cells secrete the IL-1 antagonist IL-1Ra to suppress neutrophils and early innate immune responses to influenza virus infection.
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are functionally heterogeneous, yet how each Treg cell subset exerts its suppressor function remains unresolved. Lin et al. identify IL-27 as a key Treg cell effector molecule selectively required for gut TH17 cell regulation.
Minguet and colleagues systematically examine how individual CD3 chains of the TCR–CD3 complex can improve chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell performance.
Mathis and colleagues identify a subset of muscle mesenchymal stromal cells that coordinates tissue immune responses and drives regenerative mechanisms following muscle injury.
Huot et al. show that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) regulates the persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in bronchoalveolar macrophages from cynomolgus macaques up to 18 months postinfection.
Individuals with advanced cancers can develop thrombocytosis and anemia. Huang and colleagues show that in tumor-bearing individuals, increased circulating kynurenine results in megakaryocyte differentiation from megakaryocytic–erythroid progenitor cells by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, resulting in increased expression of RUNX1.