A loss and damage (L&D) fund has been established to support particularly vulnerable developing countries. L&D funding needs, entitlements and necessary contributions can be quantified using climate economics coupled with historical responsibility principles; for the year 2025, total L&D funding needs are estimated to be US $395 [128–937] billion.

Jacob VanderRoest outlines the use of pyrocosms to identify specific molecules in burned soil from various ecosystems.

Josefa Sepúlveda-Araya explains how microgravity surveys can be used to identify early warning signs of volcanic eruptions.

To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Eleni Wood about their career path from PhD student to a researcher at BBC Studios.

Monica Alejandra Gomez Correa describes how the ostracod fossil record provides insight into changes in environmental conditions and their impact on marine ecosystems.

To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Nina Ridder about their career path from a postdoctoral scholar to a Senior Climate Advisor at Suncorp Group Limited.