Grapes produced for winemaking are highly susceptible to change in climate, particularly extreme heat and drought. This Review examines the changing geography of existing and emerging winegrowing regions, and recommends adaptation measure to increasing heat and modified drought, pest and disease pressure.

With continued anthropogenic warming, an ice-free Arctic (sea ice area <1 million km2) is inevitable. This Review outlines the various characteristics of an ice-free Arctic, highlighting that future emission trajectories will determine where, how frequently, and for how long the Arctic will be ice-free each year.

Regions with low electricity generation and minor reliance on fossil fuels have potential to avoid fossil fuel dependence and directly transition to renewable energy systems. This Perspective explores the capacity of African countries to transition in such a way while meeting growing electricity demands.

Sonification uses non-speech audio to convey complex data patterns in both space and time, overcoming visual and language barriers to science communication. This Comment outlines how data sonification is primed to aid interpretations of multi-dimensional Earth and environmental data streams.