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The authors show that zyxin (ZYX) correlates with glioma progression and worse prognosis of patients and identified ZYX as a biomarker for diagnosis. This study provided insights on ZYX function and reveals that ZYX plays an important role in the invasion of glioblastoma through regulation of the e expression of STMN1, a cytoskeleton regulating protein.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in the progression of salivary gland (SG) fibrosis in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. This study demonstrates the IL-17-dependent activation of EMT in human SG epithelial cells that occurs through both the canonical TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and noncanonical TGF-β1/Erk1/2 pathways.
Dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Nax is a sodium channel that regulates inflammatory gene expression when the barrier function of the skin is disrupted. Knockdown of Nax relieves dermatitis symptoms in rabbit dermatitic skin. Nax is a novel therapeutic target for dermatitis, which currently has limited treatment options.
Aberrant proliferation is a central hallmark of polycystic kidney diseases (PKDs) but the role of specific G1-phase cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) is not clear. This study shows that the kinetics of Cdk2 and Cdk2-cyclin partners do not correlate with proliferation and that the absence of Cdk2 does not alter renal cyst growth, most likely due to compensation by Cdk1. These findings therefore suggest that Cdk2 is not required for the progression of PKD.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) regulates inflammation through receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), a subunit of CGRP receptor. This study reveals that RAMP1 signaling in immune cells enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphangiogenesis in the diaphragm, which contributes to improving lymphatic drainage from peritoneal fluid.
The authors review the data which describe how the deletion of TRPV4 evokes abnormal behavior in mice. These studies demonstrate that the maintenance of body temperature and the sensory system for detecting body temperature, such as via TRPV4, are critical components for normal cellular function.
The authors have demonstrated an important new role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in regulating pancreatic cancer TRAIL resistance; and uncovered the contribution of O-GlcNAcylation to TRAIL activation-induced oligomerization of death receptor 5 and apoptosis signaling. These findings support the potential use of O-GlcNAcylation inhibitors to enhance efficacy of TRAIL therapy.
PD-L1 IHC was evaluated in stored tissue with mass spectrometry (MS). Increased humidity and temperature resulted in considerable immunoreactivity loss, particularly among antibodies recognizing extracellular and discontinuous epitopes, which could be partially mitigated with the use of desiccant. However, even in significantly affected tissues MS was able to quantitate PD-L1 expression and assess peptide oxidation. These results suggest MS is suited for biomarker assessments using stored sections—a sample type commonly encountered in oncology research.
The present study demonstrates that injury site macrophage-derived neurotrophin-3 is important for promoting the formation of heterotopic ossification in injured Achilles tendons in rats, as it induces bone/cartilage-related gene expression for endochondral ossification in vivo. Neurotrophin-3 also augments osteogenesis of TDSCs through activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in vitro.
The authors generated a functional monoclonal antibody that recognizes and promotes the internalization of TRPV2 to reduce TRPV2-driven Ca2+ influx. Using cardiomyopathic/muscular dystrophic animal models, they confirmed the beneficial effects of this antibody, which includes improvements in both Ca2+ handling in cardiomyocytes and in skeletal muscle properties.