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  • Special Issue: Current evidence and perspectives for hypertension management in Asia
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The impact of dietary and sleep rhythms on blood pressure in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Hypertension Research volume 47, pages 649–662 (2024)Cite this article

Abstract

Evidence about the relationship between meal and sleep time and CVD in children is scarce. The aims of this study were to describe the association between life rhythm patterns and blood pressure in children. This research was conducted among 5,608 children aged 6 to 15 years old in Chongqing and Sichuan provinces in 2021 and 2022. Dietary and sleep rhythms information was collected. The time of the first meal and last meal, and sleep time, were obtained. The mean age was 10.48 ± 2.24 years old, with 2958 (52.75%) male participants. The mean feeding window on weekdays was 11.69 h, 12.42 h, and 13.23 h for participants aged 6–7 years old, 8–12 years old and 13–15 years old, respectively. Weekday feeding window and last mealtime were positively correlated with blood pressure levels. And the changes in the feeding window between weekdays and weekends were significantly correlated with BP. Sleep duration and change in wake time were significantly correlated with SBP. Based on these results, this study identified the optimal combination of dietary and sleep rhythm interventions for children younger than 12 years of age and aged 12 and older, respectively. Disorder dietary and sleep rhythms disorders may correlate with elevated blood pressure levels, suggesting developing optimal dietary and sleep rhythm patterns could prevent the incidence of CVDs in children.

The optimal dietary rhythm was defined by the indexes of breakfast time, dinner time and daily feeding window. As good meal patterns are defined as satisfied the following three items: for children younger than 12 years should have breakfast after 7:30 am; aged 12 years and over should have breakfast after 7 am; having dinner before 6 pm; daily feeding window less than 12.5 h. And less optimal dietary rhythm should satisfy any condition or eat dinner between 6 pm and 8 pm; and poor dietary rhythm should not satisfy any of the three criteria and eat dinner after 8 pm. Children with optimal dietary rhythm (in group A) had lower SBP (P < 0.001), DBP (P = 0.002) and MAP (P < 0.001) than those in group C.

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Data availability

Data are available from the corresponding author Xiaohua Liang (Email: xiaohualiang@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn, or liangxiaohua666@sina.com).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge all of the staff members of the 6 elementary schools in the two provinces.

Funding

This work was supported by the Major Health Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau (No. CSTC2021jscx-gksb-N0001), Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine from Chongqing Medical University (No.W0088), National key research and development project (No.2017YFC0211705), Intelligent Medicine Project (No.ZHYX202109), the Basic Research Project of Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China in 2021(GBRP-202106), Joint Medical Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Health Commission and Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau (No.2020MSXM062), the Technology Foresight and Institutional Innovation Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau (No.cstc2020jsyj-zzysbAX0016), the Natural Science Foundation Project (No.81502826, 82373590), the Education Commission of Chongqing Municipality (No.KJQN201900443). The funders had no role in the whole study research process, including study design, the data collection and analysis, the decision to publish, or the preparation of the manuscript

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Xiaohua Liang, Xiangqian He

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China

    Xiaohua Liang, Qin Liu, Yanling Ren, Lan Chen, Fengming Wang & Yang Bi

  2. College of Medical Informatics, Medical Data Science Academy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China

    Xiangqian He

  3. The First Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China

    Sipei Xu

  4. Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China

    Zhilian Peng

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Contributions

XH: conceptualization, methodology, writing - review & editing; YL, QL, and LH: investigation, supervision; FM, YB,and ZL: validation, resources; XH, YL, QL, and LH: writing – original draft, writing - review & editing; XH: writing - review & editing.

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Liang, X., He, X., Liu, Q. et al. The impact of dietary and sleep rhythms on blood pressure in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Hypertens Res 47, 649–662 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-023-01493-7

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