Nanoscience and technology articles within NPG Asia Materials

Featured

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Wide- and narrow-bandgap semiconductor nanostructures were monolithically integrated on graphene layers by direct heteroepitaxial growth. The structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of the hybrid nanostructures were investigated. Furthermore, dual-wavelength photodetectors sensitive to both ultraviolet and mid-infrared wavelengths were fabricated using the hybrid nanostructures.

    • Youngbin Tchoe
    • , Janghyun Jo
    •  & Gyu-Chul Yi

  • Article
    | Open Access

    We demonstrate intracellular GaN microrod lasers for cell labeling applications. GaN microrods show excellent lasing signals under intracellular conditions with a low lasing threshold (~270 kW/cm2). The lasing spectra from individual intracellular microrods are distinguishable because each GaN microrod has different lasing peak wavelength, mode spacings, and relative PL intensities. This result suggests that GaN microrods can be candidates for cell labeling applications.

    • Minho S. Song
    • , Hyeonjun Baek
    •  & Gyu-Chul Yi

  • Article
    | Open Access

    We facilely prepared temperature-responsive MXene nanosheet/nanobelt fibers carrying vitamin E with a controllable release ability for wound healing, tissue engineering, and much broader applications.

    • Lin Jin
    • , Xiaoqing Guo
    •  & Xingcai Zhang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The broken inversion symmetry and time-reversal symmetry along with the large spin–orbit interactions in monolayer MoS2 make it an ideal candidate for novel valleytronic applications. The present study demonstrates the fabrication of a monolayer MoS2 field-effect transistor employing [Co/Pt] multilayer electrodes. Integration of PMA electrodes results in very-low Schottky barrier height in MoS2-based field-effect transistor devices.

    • S. Gupta
    • , F. Rortais
    •  & M. Shiraishi

  • Review Article
    | Open Access

    Despite the hopeful signs of progress of COVID-19 vaccine development and vaccination, the highly infectious nature and mutations of SARS-CoV-2 are warnings of an infighting annual revival of the virus. This article clarifies the complexities of COVID-19 by referring to the molecular-level mechanisms of the infection, immune response, replication, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which are essential during the development of an effective vaccine or a drug to fight the pandemic. Furthermore, this article underscores the significance of an interface among chemistry, nanoscience, cell biology, immunology, and virology to resolve the challenges of COVID-19.

    • Prem Kumar
    • , Jeladhara Sobhanan
    •  & Vasudevanpillai Biju

  • Article
    | Open Access

    we report a field-effect device with a graphene/MoSe2 channel layer and high-k ion-gel gate dielectric. The device shows a high carrier mobility (~247 cm2/V ∙ s), a high on/off ratio (3.3 × 104), and ambipolar behavior that are controlled by an applied gate voltage. The strong gating effect of the device results in higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) (66.3%), photoresponsivity (285.0 mA/W), and gate-tuning ratio (1.50 μA/V) compared to pristine devices. Therefore, our graphene/MoSe2 barristor device can be a suitable candidate for use in ambipolar transistors and gate-tunable broad-area photodetectors.

    • Gwangtaek Oh
    • , Ji Hoon Jeon
    •  & Bae Ho Park

  • Article
    | Open Access

    We introduced spintronics-based synapses (spin-S) by utilizing a stripe domain ensuring its highly linear and symmetric weight responses, together with domain-wall motion-based neurons (spin-N) for activation functions. In addition, a crossbar array architecture for the spin-S/N has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A simple pattern-classification task was tested using an integrated network of electrically connected spin-S and spin-N to mimic a human brain. Our experimental findings provide a new avenue toward establishing more efficient neural network systems with spintronic devices.

    • Seungmo Yang
    • , Jeonghun Shin
    •  & Jin Pyo Hong

  • Article
    | Open Access

    We report on the formation and rupture of CFs through Ag ion migration inside a single-crystalline 2D van der Waals (vdW) solid electrolyte material within an ECM device structure. This study provides clear experimental evidence that CFs consisting of Ag can be formed inside single-crystalline 2D layered chromium thiophosphate (CrPS4) and their configuration can be changed by an applied voltage. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the Ag ion migration is an energetically favorable process. The electrically induced changes in Ag CFs inside single-crystalline CrPS4 raise the possibility of a reliable ECM device that exploits the properties of two-dimensionally confined materials.

    • Mi Jung Lee
    • , Sung-Hoon Kim
    •  & Bae Ho Park

  • Article
    | Open Access

    We demonstrate an artificial tactile sensor system with a sensory neuron and a perceptual synaptic network that is composed of a single device type, i.e., a semivolatile carbon nanotube transistor. The system can differentiate the temporal features of tactile patterns, and its recognition accuracy can be improved by an iterative learning process.

    • Sungho Kim
    • , Yongwoo Lee
    •  & Sung-Jin Choi

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Soft, transient silicon-based gas sensing system capable of detecting nitrogen oxides with remarkable sensitivity and selectivity is presented in this report. The results provide materials, device layouts, manufacturing process, and theorectical modeling illlustrating the capabilities and operational aspects. In vitro experiments demonstrate the possibilities for disposable environmental monitors and temporary biomedical implants.

    • Gwan-Jin Ko
    • , Soo Deok Han
    •  & Suk-Won Hwang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    All-carbon memristive synapse is built through photo-reduction of a nanocomposite comprised of graphene oxide and N-doped carbon quantum dots. The analog-type resistive switching was demonstrated, which enabled the emulation of synaptic learning and pattern recognition with high accuracy. The all-carbon devices possess excellent transferability, flexibility and resistance to high temperature, showing the potential for the development of wearable neuromorphic computing system.

    • Ya Lin
    • , Zhongqiang Wang
    •  & Yichun Liu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A liquid-based neuromorphic device that can mimic the movement of ions in a nervous system is demonstrated by controlling Na+ movement in an aqueous solution. The liquid-based neuromorphic device consists of disodium terephthalate, Nafion, NaCl solution, and electrodes. The top and bottom electrodes work as pre- and post synaptic neurons, respectively, and the NaCl solution/Na2TP@Nafion works as a synapse. The device shows short-term and long-term plasticity such as EPSC, PPF, STDP, potentiation, and depression.

    • Dongshin Kim
    •  & Jang-Sik Lee

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Water of aqueous PEDOT:PSS solution was successfully exchanged with ethylene glycol or ethanol solvents using ultrafiltration method. This novel solvent exchange process enables uniform and conformal nano-coating of PEDOT:PSS on hydrophobic substrates without the addition of surfactants. This process can be widely used in fabrication of various sensors or electronic devices using conducting polymers.

    • Jung Joon Lee
    • , Srinivas Gandla
    •  & Sunkook Kim

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Quantum dot LED (light-emitting diode) optimization through the control of charge carriers’ kinetics is presented using impedance spectroscopy. The mobility of charge carriers through each one of the layers provide a path to estimate the transition time of each one of the charge carriers toward the emitting layer. By focusing on thickness optimization of electron transferring layer we can control the transition time of charge carriers and maximize radiative recombination.

    • Gary Zaiats
    • , Shingo Ikeda
    •  & Prashant V. Kamat

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A sunlight management strategy in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) is proposed. Due to the reabsorption of visible light induced by SiQDs, the external quantum efficiency spectra of PSCs in a wide wavelength range of 360–760 nm is significantly improved, resulting in facilitated photocurrent collection and enhanced performance of SiQD-based PSCs.

    • Ying-Chiao Wang
    • , Shao-Ku Huang
    •  & Kazuhito Tsukagoshi

  • Article
    | Open Access

    In this work, we report a strategy to build programmable atom equivalents (PAEs) with tailorable DNA bond length and bond energy using DNA encoders carrying consecutive adenines (polyA). We find that the bond length and bond energy can be tuned by programming the topologic configurations of the DNA encoders, which lead to differently leveled bonds and asymmetric PAEs allowing for directional, hierarchical assembly of multi-particle structures. This programmable bonding system may provide a new route for building complex plasmonic superstructures.

    • Xiaoliang Chen
    • , Xiaoguo Liu
    •  & Jiang Li

  • Article
    | Open Access

    We show an efficient spin injection technique for a semiconductor using an atomically controlled ferromagnet/ferromagnet/semiconductor heterostructure with low-resistive Schottky-tunnel barriers. Even for semiconductor spintronic devices, the symmetry matching of electronic bands between the ferromagnet and the semiconductor should be considered. This approach provides a new solution for the simultaneous achievement of highly efficient spin injection and low electric power at the electrodes in semiconductor devices at room temperature.

    • Michihiro Yamada
    • , Fumiaki Kuroda
    •  & Kohei Hamaya

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Precise control of colloidal-semiconductor-quantum-dots (CQD) assembly morphologies and the related carrier transport characteristics are vital to advance their utilisations. Each application requires different assembly types to exploit either the quantum confinement effect or the large surface-to-volume ratio. On-demand control of CQD-solids‘ morphology are demonstrated using variety of assembly methods. Employment of the electric-double-layer gating on varieties of CQD solids reveals their intrinsic carrier transport and accumulation characteristics. Compact superlattice structure shows high conductivity, and the hierarchical porous assembly exhibits high carrier accumulations. These flexibilities in assembly controls and characteristic tunings signify CQD versatilities as building blocks for different modern electronics.

    • Ricky Dwi Septianto
    • , Liming Liu
    •  & Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri

  • Article
    | Open Access

    ReRAM devices based on halide perovskites have recently emerged as a new class of data storage device, where the switching materials used in these devices have attracted huge attention in recent years. In this study, we compare the resistive switching characteristics of ReRAM devices based on a quasi-2D halide perovskite, (PEA)2Cs3Pb4I13, to those based on 3D CsPbI3. Astonishingly, the ON/OFF ratio of the (PEA)2Cs3Pb4I13-based memory devices was much higher than that of the CsPbI3 device. Also this device retained a high ON/OFF current ratio for two weeks under ambient conditions, whereas the CsPbI3 device degraded rapidly and showed unreliable memory properties after five days. We strongly believe that quasi-2D halide perovskites have potential in resistive switching memory based on their high ON/OFF ratio and long-term stability.

    • Hyojung Kim
    • , Min-Ju Choi
    •  & Ho Won Jang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Selective Growth of α-form Zinc Phthalocyanine Nanowires for High Water Dispersibility: Metastable α-form zinc phthalocyanine nanowires can be dominantly obtained by increasing the flow rate of carrier gas during physical vapor transport process, which leads to increased water dispersibility and opens the possibility of zinc phthalocyanine nanowires for practical cancer thrapy applications.

    • Youngkwan Yoon
    • , Soyoung Kim
    •  & Hee Cheul Choi

  • Article
    | Open Access

    In this study, a novel hybrid antibacterial system (HAS) based on graphene oxide (GO) 2D materials for co-delivery of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and sulfadiazine (SD) was fabricated. The antibacterial activity of HAS was enhanced over 3 times due to triple synergy: capping effect of GO, puncture effect of Ag NPs, and inhibitory effect of SD. This study provides new insights into the design and fabrication of antibiosis systems and multifunctional materials and broadens the biomedical applications of 2D materials.

    • Fengqi Han
    • , Shupei Lv
    •  & Jingguo Li

  • Review Article
    | Open Access

    Metal halide perovskites are extraordinary defect-tolerant semiconductors. A unique structural aspect of perovskites is the octahedral coordination for (B-site) metal ions, unlike other semiconductors that exhibit tetrahedral coordination. This octahedral coordination helped to achieve lanthanide doping in halide perovskite nanocrystals in 2017. Fundamental understanding of material design, luminescence and quantum cutting phenomena in lanthanides (with focus on Yb3+) doped in CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and Cs2AgInCl6 nanocrystals are reported. Subsequently, these doped systems are applied for solar energy harvesting and lighting in both visible and near infrared region. This perspective article summarizes everything important that has happened so far in field and discusses about the future research directions.

    • Wasim J. Mir
    • , Tariq Sheikh
    •  & Angshuman Nag

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The Mo2N-CoO hollow heterostructures are designed synthesis by the nitridation of a hollow Co-Mo-O precursor from controllable reaction of ZIF-67 (Co source and template) with Na2MoO4 (Mo source and OH- source). The catalyst exhibits good HER performance with an overpotential of 65 mV at 10 mA cm−2 benefited from the combined virtues of hollow structure and heterojunction. The adjudication of MOFs makes current route promising toward the design of the transition metal-based catalyst for catalytic application.

    • Danni Su
    • , Xiaomeng Zhang
    •  & Honggang Fu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Inspired by the rolling mechanism of the proboscis of a butterfly, a rollable electronics which can be rolled and unrolled on demand is developed. The rollable platform provides sufficient force which grips onto the entire target surface without destroying the target. Micro bio-objects are gripped by using the rollable platform and their tiny motions are successfully detected with the sensor on the platform. Furthermore, detecting pulse wave signals of the swine is successfully conducted by rolling up the rollable system around the blood vessel of swine, which result proves the feasibility of rollable platform as a biomedical device.

    • Gunhee Lee
    • , Yong Whan Choi
    •  & Mansoo Choi

  • Article
    | Open Access

    In this paper, we introduce a new paradigm to design scalable disordered metamaterials. We show that the localized crystallization of a semiconductor at a metal/semiconductor interface can be used as design parameter to control light interaction in such a disordered system. Here, such thermally induced crystallization, also called metal-induced crystallization, generates new zero-index states corresponding to a hybrid resonant mode emerging from selective coupling of light to the angstrom-sized crystalline shell of the semiconductor.

    • Henning Galinski
    • , Andreas Wyss
    •  & Ralph Spolenak

  • Article
    | Open Access

    In this work, the large-scale growth of lateral G-h-BN heterostructure with controlled morphology together with growth mechanism have been studies. 2D h-BN lateral heterostructures with tunable morphology ranging from regular hexagon to highly symmetrical star-like is demonstrated for the first time on a liquid Cu surface by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach. Morphology evolution of the G-h-BN heterostructure as a function of gas flow rate and growth time is directly observed and extensively simulated based on phase field and density functional theory calculations.

    • Dechao Geng
    • , Jichen Dong
    •  & Hui Ying Yang

  • Review Article
    | Open Access

    Overview of up-conversion based condensed phase laser cooling of semiconductor nanostructures. Two critical parameters dictate the likelihood of realizing solid state optical refrigeration: nanostructure emission quantum yield and up-conversion efficiency. This review summarizes both parameters for existing high emission quantum yield semiconductor nanostructures such as CdSe and CsPbBr3. CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, in particular, possess optimal parameters for cooling, namely near unity emission quantum yields and up-conversion efficiencies up to 75%. This makes them promising materials for verifiable demonstrations of condensed phase laser cooling.

    • Shubin Zhang
    • , Maksym Zhukovskyi
    •  & Masaru Kuno

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A facile in situ growth and subsequent compression strategy has been proposed to modify the separator. The in situ grown barrier layer is compact, lightweight and thin, exhibiting efficient physical/chemical entrapping capability on preventing the polysulfide shuttling. Applying this multi-functional separator, the CNT/S cathode with high sulfur content (75 wt%) delivers significantly improved long-term cycling performance with 0.056% capacity decay per cycle over 500 cycles.

    • Shaozhuan Huang
    • , Ye Wang
    •  & Hui Ying Yang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The deleterious effects of climate change due to atmospheric CO2 are being felt around the globe. To mitigate this threat, gas separation membranes possessing high CO2 permeability and selectivity are required. We report that the morphologies and gas transport properties of dense polymer membranes composed of a midblock-sulfonated block polymer are sensitive to casting solvent and relative humidity. We further establish that submersion of these membranes in liquid water alters the membrane morphology and improves CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity, with CO2 permeabilities and CO2/N2 selectivities reaching 482 Barrer and 57, respectively. These membranes are therefore promising for CO2 capture.

    • Zhongde Dai
    • , Jing Deng
    •  & Liyuan Deng

  • Article
    | Open Access

    This study highlights a new methodology to develop electrical property of CeO2 without doping based on characteristic surface defects. The CeO2 surface approach presented in this work addresses the electrolyte material challenge faced by solid state oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) over 100 years. In our approach, we take advantage of the energy band structure and surface defect to develop new functional electrolyte material based on non-doped ceria. The oxygen vacancies and defects in surface state of the CeO2 result in new electrical and band properties, thus giving rise in superionic conduction for successful SOFCs application.

    • Baoyuan Wang
    • , Bin Zhu
    •  & Hao Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A direct synthesis method for high-quality MoS2 thin films on p-Si wafer is reported herein. To increase the hydrophilicity of the p-Si wafer, MoO3 was deposited before spin-coating. The (NH4)2MoS4 precursor was easily coated onto the MoO3/p-Si and was converted to a MoS2/p-Si heterojunction via thermolysis. This method has the potential to be used in 2D electronic device fabrication in the future.

    • Amirhossein Hasani
    • , Quyet Van Le
    •  & Soo Young Kim

  • Article
    | Open Access

    We demonstrate an aligned array of helical nanostructures via the Weigert effect, which can be used in patternable and reversible structural color reflectors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a photolithography technique applied to a perfectly orientationally ordered medium, here liquid crystal material, itself; the mechanism is connected to the chiral optics.

    • Wongi Park
    • , Taewoo Ha
    •  & Dong Ki Yoon

  • Article
    | Open Access

    This study examined the efficiency of co-delivering albendazole (Abz) and silver nanoparticles in suppressing glioma growth. For this purpose, we conjugated menthol, shown to relax the BBB, to bovine serum albumin loaded the complex with Abz and silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles efficiently crossed the BBB, and specifically accumulated in glioma regions, where they induced glioma cell apoptosis. This effect was mediated by BBB disruption and internalization, and further by blocking ATP generation via inhibition of the glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways. The anti-glioma mechanisms of the nanoparticles involved cytotoxicity, proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induced by ATP depletion.

    • Jianming Liang
    • , Ying Zhu
    •  & Jianxin Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    We report on the fabrication and characteristics of an individually addressable GaN microdisk LED array in free-standing and ultrathin form. GaN microdisk array was grown on graphene microdots, and the microstructures coated with a polyimide layer were easily separated from the substrate to form an ultrathin free-standing film. Crossbar configuration of metal leads enabled each microdisk LED in an array to be uniquely addressable. The devices in free-standing form exhibited stable electrical and optoelectronic characteristics under extreme bending conditions and continuous operation mode despite the absence of a heat dissipating substrate.

    • Youngbin Tchoe
    • , Kunook Chung
    •  & Gyu-Chul Yi

  • Article
    | Open Access

    We report a kind of functional dendrisomes constructed by amphiphilic dendrimers, which enable to enhance cellular uptake by breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), to differentiate breast CSCs by carrying all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and to increase anticancer efficacy by carrying ATRA and docetaxel in vitro and in breast cancer-bearing mice. The study further reveals endocytosis mechanism, and uncovers differentiation mechanism by analyzing relevant signal molecules, transcription factors, and cell cycle associated signaling pathway. Hence, the present study offers a novel type of functional dendrisomes for differentiation therapy of breast CSCs, and has a significant clinical implication.

    • Li-Min Mu
    • , Lei Liu
    •  & Wan-Liang Lu

  • Perspective
    | Open Access

    With two-thirds of the primary energy produced every year rejected as heat, the need for techniques that harvest low-grade waste heat with higher fractions of Carnot efficiency is clear. This article develops a perspective on pyroelectric energy conversion (PEC), that leverages the intrinsic coupling between electrical polarization and temperature in pyroelectric materials where a change in temperature begets a flow of electrical charge. This article will shed light on what thermo-electrical properties are crucial for PEC and the routes to enhance them. Subsequent discussion will cover thermodynamic cycles and device design rules to extract maximum work and power.

    • Shishir Pandya
    • , Gabriel Velarde
    •  & Lane W. Martin

  • Perspective
    | Open Access

    Chemical cross-linking represents a unique approach for creating hybrid materials with enriched properties. This method facilitates the formation of interconnected networks within the material, which can modulate its porosity, conductivity and photophysical properties. Porous morphologies are beneficial for electrochemical applications as they enable the smooth diffusion and penetration of ions, effective ion transport at material interfaces, and also offer a synergy of the properties of the constituent materials and cross-linker. This perspective article highlights the recent advances in the area of covalently cross-linked hybrid metal oxides.

    • Roshini Ramachandran
    • , Dahee Jung
    •  & Alexander M. Spokoyny

  • Article
    | Open Access

    This article demonstrates an ultrathin e-synapse having high yield, minimal performance variation, and extremely low power consumption based on a Al2O3/graphene quantum dots/Al2O3 sandwich structure that was fabricated by using atomic layer deposition. It showed both high device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle reproducibility with high stability, endurance, and switching uniformity, because of which the essential synaptic behaviors could be observed. This implementation of an e-synapse with an Al2O3/graphene quantum dots/Al2O3 structure should intensify motivation for engineering e-synapses for neuromorphic computing.

    • Zhongwei Xu
    • , Fushan Li
    •  & Tae Whan Kim

  • Review Article
    | Open Access

    The past decade has witnessed substantial advances in the synthesis of various electrode materials with three-dimensional (3D) ordered macroporous or mesoporous structures (the so-called “inverse opals”) for applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. Yuping Wu from Nanjing Tech University anchored recent advancements in 3D ordered porous (3DOP) electrode materials and their unusual electrochemical properties bound by their intrinsic and geometric structures. The team introduces various 3DOP electrode materials and their representative applications as electrode materials. Additionally, the team also provides research opportunities as well as the challenges to facilitate further contributions to this emerging research frontier.

    • Zaichun Liu
    • , Xinhai Yuan
    •  & Yuping Wu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    In this research, we utilize unique cone-shaped structure of crystalline n-ZnO semiconductor, fabricated by controlled wet etching conditions to realize near to bio-synapse size (~20–40 nm) electronic synapse device. The comprehensive “synaptic plasticity behavior” was realized in the device via homogeneous oxygen vacancies accumulation and relaxation states such as paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), short-term plasticity (STP) to long-term plasticity (LTP) memory transition, and important “learning-experience” synaptic functioning.

    • Andrey Sergeevich Sokolov
    • , Yu-Rim Jeon
    •  & Changhwan Choi

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A two-terminal self-rectfying TaOy/Nanoporous TaOx memristor synapse was fabricated based on anodization process. The device exhibits high non-linearity, low synapse-coupling (S.C), acceptable endurance, sweeping and retention stability, as well as essential synaptic functions such as long-term plasticity and spiking-timing-dependent-plasticity. Furthermore, crossbar array consisting of the only designed device without any selector shows relatively well-defined switching parameters with acceptable cell uniformity and capability of suppressing undesired pathways. The effect of S.C on recognition accuracy of MNIST patterns was also simulated for the first time. Based on experimental average S.C value, the device exhibited the high accuracy comparable to S.C = 0

    • Sanghyeon Choi
    • , Seonghoon Jang
    •  & Gunuk Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Flexible perovskite solar cell with an efficiency of 15.8 % via tailoring of vacuum-deposited PbI2 growth morphology has been achieved. We demonstrated superior mechanical bending stability using amorphous TCO (retaining 80 % of the initial efficiency after 1000 bending cycles at 4 mm bending radius). Flexible NIR-transparent perovskite solar cell with an efficiency of 14.0 % and average transmittance of ~74 % between 800 and 1000 nm has been developed. Eventually, we proved a flexible perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cell with an efficiency of 19.6 % measured in four-terminal configuration.

    • Stefano Pisoni
    • , Romain Carron
    •  & Stephan Buecheler

  • Article
    | Open Access

    We report on the anisotropic friction domains of MoS2 not only grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under various sulfur pressure conditions, but also by mechanical exfoliation process. The 180° periodicity of each domain and the 60° shift between adjacent domains indicate the presence of linearly aligned structures along the armchair direction of MoS2. The universality of anisotropic frictional behaviors of 2D materials, including graphene, hBN, and WS2 with stacking honeycomb lattices supports our assumption based on linearly aligned ripples along the crystallographic axes, which result from an inhomogeneous strain field.

    • Ji Hye Lee
    • , Sangik Lee
    •  & Bae Ho Park

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Gas filled nanobubbles are fabricated by surface-engineered progress with forming folate-mediated, gadolinium (Gd3+)-labelled and IR-780/5-FU loaded hollow structures. The nanobubbles progress capacity of NIR-/MR-/US-imaging in vitro. Importantly, the nanobubbles present charge-switchable behaviors when pH values changed from 7.4 to 5.0 and demonstrate pH-/light-sensitive drug release behaviors. Coupled with FA-targeting, the nanobubbles can be employed for efficient tri-modal imaging in vivo with selective tumor accumulation, long tumor retention time, and present enhanced anti-tumor activity with combined chemo-/photothermal therapy. Therefore, nanobubbles can act as excellent nanocarriers for active tumor targeting theranostics.

    • Tianliang Li
    • , Jia Zhou
    •  & Daxiang Cui

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A graphene based quasi-solid state rechargeable Li-O2 battery is developed by utilizing 3D nanoporous graphene cathode, TTF modified quasi-solid state GPE and porous graphene/Li anode. This integrated prototype battery simultaneously addresses the major challenges of Li-O2 batteries in energy efficiency, lifetime and safety and present an important progress in practical implementation of full performance Li-O2 battery.

    • Gang Huang
    • , Jiuhui Han
    •  & Mingwei Chen

Browse broader subjects

Browse narrower subjects

Browse Nanoscience and technology across other nature.com journals