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Leukocytes are the white blood cells of the immune system that protect our tissues from infection and other forms of damage. Leukocytes can be sub-classed as cells of the innate immune system (for example, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells) or of the adaptive immune system (for example, B cells and T cells).
Accumulating evidence supports the critical role of T cells as drivers and modifiers of atherosclerosis. In this Review, Ley and colleagues describe the latest advances in our understanding of the role of T cell subsets in atherosclerosis, discuss the process of T cell homing to atherosclerotic plaques and highlight potential T cell-related therapies for atherosclerosis.
In this Review, Dong and Yong summarize the mechanisms and consequences of T cell–microglia interactions in multiple sclerosis, discuss therapeutic approaches that affect these interactions and consider the challenges of translating preclinical knowledge in this area to humans.
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving the formation of granulomas in almost any organ, although typically in the lungs. This PrimeView discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving the formation of granulomas in almost any organ, although typically in the lungs. This Primer discusses the aetiology of sarcoidosis and the diagnosis, screening and treatment of this variable disease.
B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of many rheumatic diseases. Targeting immune checkpoints that control the activation and effector function of B cells represents a promising therapeutic avenue.
An approach that increases the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in vascular cells by targeting a microRNA-based repressive pathway attenuates atherosclerosis in mice and promotes atheroprotective functions in human and mouse vascular cells in vitro.
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells specific for the cardiac protein α-myosin heavy chain have a key role in immune-checkpoint-inhibitor-associated myocarditis, according to a study published in Nature.
Inhibition of the DNA damage response kinase ATR prevents B cells from IFNα-mediated acquisition of a systemic lupus erythematosus immunogenic profile.
Results from a study of CAR T cell therapy in five patients with treatment-refractory systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrate the induction of sustained drug-free disease remission.
