Q&A |
Featured
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Q&A |
Emitting organically
Franky So, from North Carolina State University, explains some hard truths for solution-processed emitters, but also that, fundamentally, there is no reason why OLEDS can’t ‘make it’.
- David F. P. Pile
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Comment |
Characterization of stability and challenges to improve lifetime in perovskite LEDs
Low stability of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is the biggest obstacle to the commercialization of PeLED displays. Here, we cover the current status and challenges in analysing and improving the stability of PeLEDs and suggest some advice that will benefit the community to boost the operational lifetime of PeLEDs.
- Seung-Je Woo
- , Joo Sung Kim
- & Tae-Woo Lee
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Review Article |
Advances in solution-processed near-infrared light-emitting diodes
A summary of recent advances in the near-infrared light-emitting diodes that are fabricated by solution-processed means, with coverage of devices based on organic semiconductors, halide perovskites and colloidal quantum dots.
- Maria Vasilopoulou
- , Azhar Fakharuddin
- & Edward H. Sargent
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Review Article |
Prospects and challenges of colloidal quantum dot laser diodes
Colloidal quantum dots may offer solution-processable lasers, with a wide range of colours available. Technical hurdles and progress towards realization of useful quantum dot laser diodes is reviewed.
- Heeyoung Jung
- , Namyoung Ahn
- & Victor I. Klimov
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Article |
Ultra-coherent Fano laser based on a bound state in the continuum
Quantum noise is suppressed by a bound state in the continuum (BIC) approach, enabling a microlaser with narrow linewidth compared to other small lasers.
- Yi Yu
- , Aurimas Sakanas
- & Jesper Mørk
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Obituary |
Isamu Akasaki in memoriam
The 2014 Nobel laureate, Isamu Akasaki, sadly passed away in April at the age of 92. He was highly regarded for his work on the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes and research into new semiconductor materials.
- Yasuo Koide
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Article |
Second-harmonic generation and the conservation of spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum of light
The second-harmonic spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum of an optical pulse and its space–time topological charge conservation during frequency doubling are experimentally observed, opening opportunities for nonlinear conversion and scaling of photons carrying spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum.
- Guan Gui
- , Nathan J. Brooks
- & Chen-Ting Liao
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Article |
Optically synchronized fibre links using spectrally pure chip-scale lasers
An optically synchronized precision fibre link based on two independent chip-scale cavity-stabilized stimulated Brillouin scattering lasers is demonstrated. An ultralow 3 × 10−4 rad2 residual phase error variance is achieved between the mutually coherent transmit and receive lasers.
- Grant M. Brodnik
- , Mark W. Harrington
- & Daniel J. Blumenthal
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Article |
Room-temperature polaritonic non-Hermitian system with single microcavity
Researchers coupled exciton–polariton modes to one another in a six-fold symmetric microcavity with loss manipulation and observed room-temperature polaritonic parity-time-reversal symmetry.
- Hyun Gyu Song
- , Minho Choi
- & Yong-Hoon Cho
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Article |
Generation and measurement of intense few-femtosecond superradiant extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser pulses
By amplifying a soliton in a multistage cascade, few-femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser pulses are achieved.
- Najmeh S. Mirian
- , Michele Di Fraia
- & Luca Giannessi
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News & Views |
Ion implanation success
A new way to define the shape of tiny light-emitting semiconductor pixels provides a means to fabricate arrays of InGaN blue micro-LEDs with a resolution as high as 8,500 pixels per inch.
- Ulrich T. Schwarz
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Article |
Temporal solitons in a coherently driven active resonator
By adding a carefully designed amplification section in a passive resonator, but pumping it below the lasing threshold, ultra-stable high-power cavity solitons can be formed, effectively removing the important barrier of having to work in low-loss environments.
- Nicolas Englebert
- , Carlos Mas Arabí
- & François Leo
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Matters Arising |
Reply to: Reconsidering metasurface lasers
- Hend Sroor
- , Yao-Wei Huang
- & Andrew Forbes
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Matters Arising |
Reconsidering metasurface lasers
- Dandan Wen
- , Jasper J. Cadusch
- & Kenneth B. Crozier
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Letter |
Hard X-ray transient grating spectroscopy on bismuth germanate
A four-wave mixing technique is developed in the hard X-ray range. A diamond phase grating in an X-ray beam path creates a periodic excitation pattern on a sample via the Talbot effect. The response of the periodic excitation is probed by an optical pulse.
- Jérémy R. Rouxel
- , Danny Fainozzi
- & Cristian Svetina
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News & Views |
Spectral narrowing broadens applications
Four-wave mixing near atomic resonances offers new opportunities for spectral control of extreme ultraviolet pulses.
- John E. Beetar
- & Michael Chini
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Article |
Electrically driven mid-submicrometre pixelation of InGaN micro-light-emitting diode displays for augmented-reality glasses
Submicrometre-sized InGaN-based light-emitting diodes are fabricated by tailored ion implantation. The devices are free from electrical leakage and show a luminance of 7,440 nit at 4.9 A cm−2 even at the line/space scale of 0.5/0.5 μm (= 8,500 ppi).
- Jinjoo Park
- , Jun Hee Choi
- & Sungwoo Hwang
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Article |
High-brightness self-seeded X-ray free-electron laser covering the 3.5 keV to 14.6 keV range
A hard X-ray self-seeded X-ray free-electron laser at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory provides X-ray pulses with peak brightness of 3.2 × 1035 photons s–1 mm–2 mrad–2 0.1%BW–1 at 9.7 keV and a very small shot-to-shot electron energy jitter of 0.012%.
- Inhyuk Nam
- , Chang-Ki Min
- & Heung-Sik Kang
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Article |
Photonic-crystal lasers with two-dimensionally arranged gain and loss sections for high-peak-power short-pulse operation
By using engineered gain and loss sections in a photonic crystal laser, pulses with a peak power of ~20 W and pulse width of ~35 ps have been experimentally demonstrated and even higher peak power operation (>300 W) has been theoretically predicted.
- Ryohei Morita
- , Takuya Inoue
- & Susumu Noda
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Article |
Suppression of temperature quenching in perovskite nanocrystals for efficient and thermally stable light-emitting diodes
Fluoride-treated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals emit light with near unity efficiency at temperatures of up to 373 K.
- Mingming Liu
- , Qun Wan
- & Liang Li
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News & Views |
TADF sensitization targets deep-blue
Two independent studies employing the same narrowband deep-blue emitter, ν-DABNA, but different energy transfer schemes, achieve efficient and stable deep-blue electroluminescence.
- Dongdong Zhang
- & Lian Duan
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Article |
Hertz-linewidth semiconductor lasers using CMOS-ready ultra-high-Q microresonators
Using CMOS-ready ultra-high-Q microresonators, a highly coherent electrically pumped integrated laser with frequency noise of 0.2 Hz2 Hz−1, corresponding to a short-term linewidth of 1.2 Hz, is demonstrated. The device configuration is also found to relieve the dispersion requirements for microcomb generation that have limited certain nonlinear platforms.
- Warren Jin
- , Qi-Fan Yang
- & John E. Bowers
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Review Article |
Extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs for precision metrology and attosecond science
This Review covers the milestones for extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs and their applications. A future impact on the construction of nuclear-based optical clocks and multidimensional attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy of solids is remarked.
- Ioachim Pupeza
- , Chuankun Zhang
- & Jun Ye
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Letter |
Extreme-ultraviolet spectral compression by four-wave mixing
Through a dense krypton gas jet in the presence of a broadband near-infrared pulse, spectral compression of broadband XUV radiation between 145 and 130 nm wavelengths into a narrow-bandwidth XUV pulse at 100.3 nm wavelength by four-wave mixing is demonstrated.
- L. Drescher
- , O. Kornilov
- & B. Schütte
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Letter |
Stable pure-blue hyperfluorescence organic light-emitting diodes with high-efficiency and narrow emission
Pure-blue organic LEDs with narrow emission and improved stability show promise for display applications.
- Chin-Yiu Chan
- , Masaki Tanaka
- & Chihaya Adachi
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Article |
Comprehensive defect suppression in perovskite nanocrystals for high-efficiency light-emitting diodes
Guanidinium doping is shown to enhance the operation of perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes.
- Young-Hoon Kim
- , Sungjin Kim
- & Tae-Woo Lee
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News & Views |
Terahertz race heats up
The journey to realize a terahertz quantum cascade laser that operates at room temperature has taken a jump forward with news of a device that operates at –23 °C, within the reach of Peltier coolers.
- Carlo Sirtori
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News & Views |
Designs break bandwidth record
Two independent reports of directly modulated lasers with bandwidths of >60 GHz may help bring data rates beyond 200 Gb s–1 to low-cost optical communication systems. Key to the successes has been managing photonic feedback effects within the laser cavities.
- Ute Troppenz
- & Jochen Kreissl
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Article |
Low-chirp isolator-free 65-GHz-bandwidth directly modulated lasers
Directly modulated semiconductor lasers are shown to be able to operate with bandwidths exceeding 65 GHz thanks to a cavity design that harnesses photon–photon resonances.
- Yasuhiro Matsui
- , Richard Schatz
- & Tsurugi Sudo
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News & Views |
Photonic-crystal optical parametric oscillator
The first demonstration of an optical parametric oscillator using a photonic crystal microcavity is promising for the future development of on-chip light sources for applications in integrated quantum optics.
- Eiichi Kuramochi
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Article |
Efficient and bright white light-emitting diodes based on single-layer heterophase halide perovskites
Heterophase CsPbI3 perovskite gives rise to bright white phosphor-free LEDs.
- Jiawei Chen
- , Jian Wang
- & Haibo Zeng
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Article |
Efficient and stable organic light-emitting devices employing phosphorescent molecular aggregates
A tetradentate Pd(ii) complex with near unity photoluminescent quantum yield is the basis of bright, long-lifetime organic LEDs.
- Linyu Cao
- , Kody Klimes
- & Jian Li
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Letter |
Seven-octave high-brightness and carrier-envelope-phase-stable light source
Using a gas-filled anti-resonant-reflection photonic-crystal fibre, a high-brightness table-top source of coherent carrier-envelope-phase-stable waveforms is demonstrated across seven octaves (340 nm to 40,000 nm) with ultraviolet peak powers up to 2.5 MW and terahertz peak powers of 1.8 MW, without the need for changing nonlinear crystals.
- Ugaitz Elu
- , Luke Maidment
- & Jens Biegert
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Review Article |
Machine learning and applications in ultrafast photonics
The potential of machine-learning application to the field of ultrafast photonics is reviewed, with key examples including pulsed lasers, and control and characterization of ultrafast propagation dynamics.
- Goëry Genty
- , Lauri Salmela
- & Sergei K. Turitsyn
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News & Views |
Compact design delivers hard X-rays
Beneath a forest in Villigen, Switzerland, a new compact free-electron laser facility is generating brilliant X-ray flashes.
- Makina Yabashi
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Article |
A compact and cost-effective hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a high-brightness and low-energy electron beam
The first lasing results at SwissFEL, an X-ray free-electron laser, are presented, highlighting the facility’s unique capabilities. A general comparison to other major facilities is also provided.
- Eduard Prat
- , Rafael Abela
- & Elke Zimoch
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Article |
High-power portable terahertz laser systems
GaAs-based terahertz quantum cascade lasers emitting around 4 THz are demonstrated up to 250 K without a magnetic field. To elevate the operation temperature, carrier leakage channels are reduced by carefully designing the quantum well structures.
- Ali Khalatpour
- , Andrew K. Paulsen
- & Qing Hu
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Article |
Directly modulated membrane lasers with 108 GHz bandwidth on a high-thermal-conductivity silicon carbide substrate
Directly modulated membrane distributed reflector lasers are fabricated on a silicon carbide platform. The 3 dB bandwidth, four-level pulse-amplitude modulation speed and operating energy for transmitting one bit are 108 GHz, 256 Gbit s−1 and 475 fJ, respectively.
- Suguru Yamaoka
- , Nikolaos-Panteleimon Diamantopoulos
- & Shinji Matsuo
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News & Views |
Molecular designs offer fast exciton conversion
Two independent studies report new organic compounds that offer record rates of reverse intersystem crossing between triplet and singlet excited states. The result is sky-blue organic light-emitting diodes with improved efficiency, stability and reduced efficiency roll-off.
- Eli Zysman-Colman
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Article |
Fast spin-flip enables efficient and stable organic electroluminescence from charge-transfer states
An organic molecule, 5Cz-TRZ, with multiple donor units supports fast reverse intersystem crossing, allowing fabrication of high-performance organic light-emitting diodes.
- Lin-Song Cui
- , Alexander J. Gillett
- & Richard H. Friend
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Article |
Organic light emitters exhibiting very fast reverse intersystem crossing
An organic molecule, TpAT-tFFO, which is designed to support rapid reverse intersystem crossing allows the fabrication of efficient organic light-emitting diodes.
- Yoshimasa Wada
- , Hiromichi Nakagawa
- & Hironori Kaji
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News & Views |
Faster laser pulses boost plasma accelerators
New methods to control how laser pulses propagate inside a plasma could signify the start of a global race to demonstrate truly high-energy compact particle accelerators.
- Rob J. Shalloo
- & Stuart P. D. Mangles
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Article |
Sub-cycle millijoule-level parametric waveform synthesizer for attosecond science
Optical waveforms with a 1.7 octave spectrum and 0.6 optical cycle duration are generated at a central wavelength of 1.4 μm by parametric waveform synthesis. The output pulse energies amount to >500 μJ with fluctuations of 1% r.m.s. over 1,000 shots.
- Giulio Maria Rossi
- , Roland E. Mainz
- & Franz X. Kärtner
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Letter |
Phase-locked laser-wakefield electron acceleration
Independent velocity and intensity control of photons for driving a laser-plasma accelerator may enable a dephasing-free regime.
- C. Caizergues
- , S. Smartsev
- & C. Thaury
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Article |
Overcoming the energy gap law in near-infrared OLEDs by exciton–vibration decoupling
Pt(ii) complexes allow the fabrication of efficient near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes that operate beyond the 900 nm region.
- Yu-Chen Wei
- , Sheng Fu Wang
- & Pi-Tai Chou
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Letter |
Unidirectional luminescence from InGaN/GaN quantum-well metasurfaces
Exploiting two-dimensional metamaterials, the direction of emission from InGaN/GaN quantum wells is engineered while simultaneously improving quantum efficiency.
- Prasad P. Iyer
- , Ryan A. DeCrescent
- & Jon. A. Schuller
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News & Views |
On-chip Earth spin detection
A monolithic chip-scale ring laser gyroscope based on both Brillouin and Sagnac effects provides a sensitivity sufficient to measure sinusoidal rotations with an amplitude as small as 5 degrees per hour, thus enabling the first on-chip Earth rotation measurement.
- Thibaut Sylvestre
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Article |
The pure-quartic soliton laser
By suppressing the second- and third-order intracavity dispersion using an intracavity spectral pulse shaper, a mode-locked laser that emits pure-quartic soliton pulses that arise from the interaction of the fourth-order dispersion and the Kerr nonlinearity is demonstrated.
- Antoine F. J. Runge
- , Darren D. Hudson
- & Andrea Blanco-Redondo
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Article |
A MHz-repetition-rate hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a superconducting linear accelerator
The first operation of the European X-ray free-electron laser facility accelerator based on superconducting technology is reported. The maximum electron energy is 17.5 GeV. A laser average power of 6 W is achieved at a photon energy of 9.3 keV.
- W. Decking
- , S. Abeghyan
- & D. Zybin