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Ribonucleoprotein complexes containing Xist, a long non-coding RNA involved in X chromosome inactivation, are immunogenic and promote autoimmune responses.
Results of a new study indicate that eosinophils have a role in maintaining bone homeostasis through their inhibitory effects on bone-resorbing osteoclasts.
Beyond the traditional classification of monogenic or complex, many genetic diseases can be considered genetically transitional disease. In this Perspective, the authors consider the application of the genetically transitional disease model to rheumatic diseases and the potential implications for patient care, genetic counselling and research.
Immunoengineering involves the design of materials with specific properties relating to the immune system. In this Review the authors consider the application of immunoengineering to systemic autoimmune diseases via site-specific and antigen-specific immunoregulation, the facilitation of immune cell therapy, novel approaches to immunodiagnostics and the generation of models to study autoimmunity.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has published new guidelines for the non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings. Although the guidelines are commendable, they lack guidance on when to suspect and how to avoid missing important secondary causes of back pain.
Age-related B cells (ABCs) have pathogenic roles in autoimmune diseases. Research has now identified ZEB2 as the transcription factor that mediates differentiation into ABCs.
A meta-analysis of data from six genome-wide association study cohorts implicates several signalling pathways, including Hedgehog and Notch signalling, in Dupuytren disease.
Deep learning is a powerful technique with great potential for the analysis and interpretation of rheumatological images. To successfully use deep learning, rheumatologists should understand the tasks involved in image processing and the potential confounders and limitations that can affect the analysis of clinical data.
The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 is expressed on chondrocytes, regulates chondrocyte biology and osteoarthritis progression, and is a promising dual target for modifying disease while providing pain relief in osteoarthritis.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis treatment has evolved with new therapies, early remission goals and global efforts, including randomized trials and a treat-to-target strategy. This Review summarizes current evidence and therapeutic approaches to the management of non-systemic phenotypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
This Review discusses the interplay of the gut microbiome and the immune system in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus. Dysbiosis and gut-barrier dysfunction are implicated in promoting disease and are potential therapeutic targets.
New findings provide insight into the natural history of subclinical synovitis, a reported predictor of the development of rheumatoid arthritis, and identify various factors associated with its reversal.
As in rheumatoid arthritis, achieving low disease activity or remission in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) remains a challenge and unmet need for many individuals. However, the complex pathogenesis, heterogeneity and varied tissue involvement in PsA mean that dedicated definitions and novel solutions are required for difficult-to-treat disease.
New findings suggest that current cell therapy approaches are not superior to a simple corticosteroid injection for the treatment of osteoarthritis, calling into question the role of existing cell therapies and highlighting the need for further research and development in this field.
Re-establishing tolerance to autoantigens is an important aim for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Immunization of HLA-DR4 transgenic mice with citrullinated self-antigens can induce immune tolerance, which suggests that such antigens could have a therapeutic role in anti-citrullinated peptide antibody-positive RA.
This Review explores the potential of emerging RNA-based technologies and cell-engineering strategies, including those that incorporate small interfering RNA, microRNA, mRNA and synthetic receptor-mediated gene editing, to provide innovative and targeted approaches to osteoarthritis therapy.
The identification of novel risk variants in the largest genome-wide association study of Raynaud phenomenon to date provides insights into the pathophysiology of the condition, including the potential role for α2A-adrenoceptors, and suggests opportunities for drug repurposing.
New research has shown that tryptophan metabolism is altered in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and that correction of this metabolic alteration has a protective effect against collagen-antibody-induced arthritis in mice.
