Reviews & Analysis

This PrimeView highlights the management of scars and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Jeschke et al.

Every injury of the skin undergoes a process known as wound healing. When wound healing is disrupted, excessive scars, such as hypertrophic scars and keloid lesions, can develop. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of scars, as well as discussing how scars can affect an individual’s quality of life.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of cryptococcal meningitis and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Tugume et al.

Cryptococcal meningitis affects people living with HIV and individuals who are immunosuppressed. HIV-associated disease underlies 20% of AIDS-related deaths, whereas the incidence of non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis is increasing. This Primer highlights efforts to better understand disease epidemiology and pathophysiology, and to further improve management.

This PrimeView highlights the pathophysiology of congenital lung malformations and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Pederiva et al.

Congenital lung malformations are rare developmental anomalies of the lung that can lead to recurrent infections, pneumothorax and malignancy in some patients. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of this disorder, and discusses current disease management and quality of life of patients.

This PrimeView highlights the epidemiology of bladder cancer and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Dyrskjøt et al.

Urothelial bladder cancer has various pathogenic pathways and comprises distinct molecular subtypes. This Primer reviews the epidemiology of the disease with a focus on risk factors, discusses mechanisms of pathogenesis, diagnosis and management at different disease stages, and highlights patient quality of life and open research questions.

This PrimeView summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of traumatic muscle injury. This injury type is defined as traumatic damage of the muscle tissue that can result in a functional deficit.

This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of traumatic muscle injury. This injury type is defined as traumatic damage to the muscle tissue that can result in a functional deficit.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms underlying Hirschsprung disease and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Montalva et al.

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by absence of ganglion cells in the bowel, leading to constipation, abdominal distension and intestinal obstruction. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of HSCR, and discusses quality of life of patients as well as novel avenues for research.

This PrimeView summarizes the pathophysiology of hepatitis A virus infection and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Van Damme et al.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection causes an acute liver disease that resolves with no long-term sequelae in most patients. Some patients will develop acute liver failure requiring transplantation. This Primer discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of HAV infection.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms of male infertility, and also summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis, management and outlook for this condition.

Male infertility is increasing globally and is an under-recognized factor in couples’ infertility. In this Primer, Eisenberg and colleagues provide an overview of the epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of male infertility, focusing on impairments in spermatogenesis.

This PrimeView summarizes the mechanisms of glycogen storage diseases, a group of genetic disorders characterized by liver and/or muscle dysfunction.

This Primer provides a general overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of the glycogen storage diseases. These genetic conditions are characterized by deficits in glycogenesis, glycogenolysis or glycolysis.

This PrimeView highlights the management of major depressive disorder, a common mental health disorder characterized by low mood, and reduced interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities.

This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). This Primer also reviews how this disorder affects patient quality of life, and provides an overview of future research.