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There are many cellular outcomes attributable to p53 activation, but identifying which of these, or which combination of these, is important for tumour suppression has remained challenging. As new roles for p53 emerge, this Opinion dissects the role of p53 in tumour suppression.
The family of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) have many actions beyond their endocrine role in IGF transport. IGFBPs regulate cell growth and survival, gene transcription, induction of apoptosis and DNA damage repair. These findings point to the intimate involvement of IGFBPs in tumour development, progression and resistance to treatment.
Although epidemiological and early clinical trials are inconsistent, and randomized control trials in humans do not yet exist to conclusively support a beneficial role for vitamin D, this Review assesses the evidence that vitamin D is important in cancer prevention.
F-box proteins, which are the substrate-recognition subunits of SKP1–cullin 1–F-box protein (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, have pivotal roles in multiple cellular processes. This Review discusses how dysregulation of F-box protein-mediated proteolysis contributes to tumorigenesis.
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is important in B cell receptor (BCR) signalling, and so BTK is altered in many types of B cell-derived malignancy. This Review discusses the molecular biology of BTK, its involvement in the pathogenesis of B cell malignancies and the current efforts to therapeutically target it.
The glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs) are stress-inducible chaperones that mostly reside in the endoplasmic reticulum or the mitochondria. Recent advances have shown that the GRPs are involved in the regulation of cell signalling, proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, inflammation and immunity. Agents that target the GRPs are being developed as potential cancer therapies.
This Review describes some of the latest techniques that are being used to discover modulators of protein–protein interactions and how current drug discovery approaches have been adapted to successfully target these interfaces.
The early detection and prevention of childhood cancer is an important area of cancer research. In this Opinion article, the authors argue that identifying whether some childhood cancers arise from an aberrant prenatal cell population could help with disease prevention.
Minimally invasive thermal ablation of tumours has become common since the advent of modern imaging. This Opinion article examines the mechanisms of tumour cell death that are induced by the most common thermoablative techniques and discusses the rapidly developing areas of research in the field.
RET is a single-pass transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is required for normal development, maturation and maintenance of several tissues and cell types. This Review focuses on our understanding of RET biology and function in cancer, and it highlights recent advances that have suggested a broader role for RET in oncogenesis.
The androgen receptor (AR) regulates transcription networks and genomic stability. Selection pressures during prostate cancer development and therapy can affect the activity and regulation of AR across the genome. Defining other factors involved in this reprogramming of AR function provides various opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
The past decade has been exciting in terms of research into the molecular and cellular biology of lymphatic vessels in cancer. This Review discusses the specific roles of distinct lymphatic vessel subtypes in cancer, and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.
In this Timeline, the authors discuss the identification of tumour antigens that are recognized by T lymphocytes and how these findings can be effectively and safely transferred to the clinic.
The latest large-scale genomic and epigenomic profiling studies have yielded an unprecedented abundance of novel data and provided deeper insights into gliomagenesis across all age groups. These studies have highlighted key distinctions, but also some commonalities, which are discussed in this Review.
Patricia L. M. Dahia gives an overview of insights learned from the study of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, which carry the highest degree of heritability of all human tumours.
The cadherin superfamily includes many proteins other than E-cadherin. These cadherins are very diverse in both structure and function, and their mutual interactions seem to influence cancer development and progression in complex and versatile ways.
Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are transcriptional regulators that control the timing of cell fate determination and differentiation in stem and progenitor cells. The ability of ID proteins to function as central 'hubs' for the coordination of multiple cancer hallmarks is establishing them as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in specific types of human tumours.
