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Two groups have shown that personalized, neoantigen-based tumour vaccines elicit effective T cell responses in patients with advanced melanoma, leading to favourable clinical outcomes. Combination with checkpoint blockade can be of additional benefit.
Our understanding of mesothelioma pathobiology has increased dramatically in the past 5 years, with an improvement in our knowledge of mesothelioma genetics, epigenetics, tumour microenvironment and immunobiology. This Review discusses these advances and how they might affect therapeutic strategies.
This Opinion article discusses recent studies that have provided new insights into the mechanisms of common fragile site instability and the resulting genomic effects, which include the generation of focal copy number alterations that affect the genomic landscape of many cancers.
A new study demonstrates that DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors induce widespread cryptic transcription from transposable elements that may contribute to cancer immunogenicity.
This Review discusses the extrinsic regulation of angiogenesis by the tumour microenvironment, highlighting potential vulnerabilities that could be targeted to improve the applicability and reach of anti-angiogenic cancer therapies.
Nolanet al. show that triple-negative breast cancers with BRCA1mutations are immunogenic and susceptible to treatment with a combination of two checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy.
Kamerkaret al. have engineered exosomes that target KRASG12D(iExosomes) and have demonstrated the specificity and efficacy of iExosomes in targeting oncogenic KRAS in mouse models of pancreatic cancer.
Pittet and collaborators show that macrophages can remove anti-PD1 antibodies from T cells, blunting their response, whereas Weissman and colleagues demonstrate that macrophages also express PD1 on their surface, which impairs their phagocytic activity.
In this Viewpoint article, we asked four scientists working to target important, but so-called 'undruggable', proteins in cancer for their opinions on the most crucial advances, as well as the challenges and what the future holds for this important area of cancer research.
This Review describes our current understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype in myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) and discusses how this knowledge could be used to inform strategies to develop more effective treatments and improve clinical success.
This Review summarizes developments in the imaging ofin vivoanticancer drug action, with a focus on microscopy approaches at the single-cell level and translational lessons for the clinic.
Giustacchini, Thongjuea,et al. have developed a method to sensitively detect somatic mutations and analyze whole transcriptomes of the same single cell. Application of this technique to chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patient samples revealed heterogeneous CML stem cell populations with likely roles in CML progression and resistance to therapy.
To advance preclinical research, two groups have developed mouse models of metastatic colorectal cancer using the transplantation of engineered organoids.
Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) transposable elements are active in the human genome. In this Review, Burns describes how the retrotransposition activity of LINE-1 in cancer genomes can result in somatically acquired insertions that mark evolving tumour clones.
