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Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are potent activators of the innate immune sensor STING. The identification of a CDN importer sheds new light on the regulation of extracellular CDNs.
Chronic exposure to fungal antigen drives the development of two subsets of CD4+ TRM cells, distinguished by high or low expression of the integrin CD103, with opposing roles in inflammation-induced lung fibrosis.
Quantitative mass spectrometry applied to T cell activation reveals key insights into signal-transduction pathways. These data identify selective alterations in the concentration of proteins in activated T cells and detail previously undescribed protein–protein interactions.
Immature B cells expressing self-reactive BCRs induce anergy programs to promote tolerance. Busslinger and colleagues show that the transcription factor Ikaros enforces anergy by inducing transcription of negative-feedback regulators of the BCR and TLR–MyD88 pathways.
Marichal and colleagues show that lung neutrophils in mice exposed to three distinct pro-allergic conditions release neutrophil extracellular traps that potentiate allergen uptake by dendritic cells and type 2 allergic inflammation.
Cantrell and colleagues perform a comparative quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of the proteomes of naïve and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Proteomes are dynamically regulated and mTORC1 inhibition leads to differential consequences depending on cell state.
Gaudenzio and colleagues show that house dust mite extracts directly activate TRPV1+ sensory neurons, which promote allergic skin inflammation by inducing the degranulation of mast cells through the release of the neuropeptide substance P and activation of MRGPRB2.
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are important for the localized protection of specific body compartments. Nakayama and colleagues identify heterogeneity in lung TRM cells, with one subset driving fibrosis and inflammation and another reining in pathology in response to fungal challenge.
Malissen and colleagues provide a quantitative systems-level analysis of 15 distinct signalosomes that form within minutes of TCR stimulation of primary CD4+ T cells.
Therapeutic innovations of potentially great clinical impact should embrace the overarching values of research accountability, data transparency and validation through the scientific peer-review process.