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In this Perspective, Kucyi and co-authors explore some of the recent developments in neuroscience, including investigations of network dynamics and neural mechanisms that support off-task thoughts, and consider the implications for maladaptive forms of thought in mental health.
By developing the large-scale cortical spatial–rhythmic network analysis, authors identify putative electrophysiological biomarkers for clinical screening of individuals at high familial risk of bipolar disorder onset.
Griffin and colleagues conducted a population-based study on individuals who attended hospital emergency departments with self-harm in Ireland between 2015 and 2017 to assess the risk of death by suicide over the same period.
Based on a large neuroimaging dataset, the study reveals three robust major depression subtypes, each showing distinct clinical and transcriptomic profiles.
Numerous randomized placebo-controlled studies over the past two decades have shown that ketamine has a rapid antidepressant action. However, its acute transient effects on cognition and perception are likely to unmask study-arm assignment. Now, the use of surgical anesthesia to conceal treatment assignment finds high rates of rapid antidepressant response among participants, regardless of whether they are randomized to ketamine or placebo.
In this clinical trial, a single dose of intravenous ketamine delivered during surgical anesthesia had no greater effect than placebo in acutely reducing the severity of depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder.
Ke et al. investigated the association between trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and the gut microbiome and dietary pattern of a cohort of women enrolled in a longitudinal study in the United States.
After the hindrance imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, neuroscience research pushed forward. NeuroFrance 2023 took place as an in-person meeting and highlighted current and future strategies for exploring the brain and its pathologies, including a strong pathway to mental health research.
Robust 24-hour light–dark cycles are crucial for healthy circadian rhythms. A study now shows that there is an independent association between increased light at night and decreased light during the day with a variety of mental health disorders.
Burns et al. explored the association between day and night-time light exposure and the risk for psychiatric disorders using a large sample of adults from the UK Biobank dataset.
Mental health, like physical health, is an intrinsic and universal aspect of the human condition. The observance of World Mental Health Day is a reminder that mental health is not just an individual concern but a collective one, deeply intertwined with the broader pursuit of improved mental health and being, sustainable development, and human rights.
Sex steroid hormones are powerful neuromodulators of learning and memory. A new study in humans links rhythmic oscillations in ovarian hormone levels to changes in medial temporal lobe morphology.
Some individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience a series of symptoms attributable to ‘dissociation’ — severance either with themselves or their surroundings. A new study on the neurobiology of dissociation in PTSD uses functional MRI analysis to identify unique patterns of brain–behavior associations.
In this longitudinal ultra-high field neuroimaging study, Zsido et al. show the shared dynamics between the ovarian hormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle and structural plasticity within the medial temporal lobe.