Using a sample of more than 1 million individuals, Hatoum et al. identify genomic loci associated with general and substance-specific addiction risk.

Panayiotou et al. performed a panel network analysis to investigate the relationship between time spent on social media and mental health in a large cohort of UK adolescents.

Galante et al. performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using individual participant data from randomized controlled trials evaluating mindfulness-based programs for adult mental health promotion in non-clinical settings.

Catarino et al. used real-world data from the UK healthcare system to perform an economic evaluation comparing the cost-effectiveness of in-person and internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for mood and anxiety disorders.

Using stereotactic electroencephalography, the authors identified differential amygdala activation in response to emotional faces in participants with treatment-resistant depression compared with non-depressed participants with epilepsy, suggesting possible deep brain stimulation targets.

Reporting, discussing and interpreting sex differences in clinical and biomedical research has become a more complicated task in recent years, but necessarily so. Achieving clarity around what constitutes sex and what is associated with gender provides few conclusive answers and far more questions. As cogently expressed by Beans Velocci, a historian of sex and science, in a recent piece in Cell on sex as a scientific category, “…because it is so many things at once, all we can say for sure about what sex is is what a given scientist does with it” (B. Velocci, Cell 187, 1343–1346; 2024).

In this cross-species translational study, the authors look at the longitudinal consequences of stress during adolescent development on HPA function and postpartum behaviors in mice and in humans and suggest that glucocorticoid receptor antagonists may serve as a potential treatment for postpartum depression.

In this Review the authors address the intersection between mental illness and homelessness in high-income countries, and propose policy and practice priorities to reduce homelessness and to improve health outcomes.

In this article, the authors demonstrate that haloperidol D2/D3 dopamine antagonism contributes to flexibility in beliefs about the intentions of social partners during a sharing game.

Singh and colleagues present an integrative genotypic approach using large-scale GWAS data for depression and coronary artery disease to identify genes associated with both conditions.

A study on a large cohort of military veterans of European and African ancestries finds no evidence that the APOE ε4 genotype moderates the impact of combat exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and diagnostic status.

Wastewater analysis can quantify the pharmaceuticals used to treat mental health disorders, providing data for policy development. This Comment highlights the potential of such wastewater-based epidemiology to enhance the estimation of treated mental health disorders at the community level.

Using a longitudinal structural imaging design, the authors assessed cortical anatomy and genes linked to methylphenidate activity to identify treatment-associated responses in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.