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The European Network for IgE-Mediated Autoimmunity and Autoallergy (ENIGMA) initiative

Nature Medicine volume 30, pages 920–922 (2024)Cite this article

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Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) affect millions of people, and have devastating impacts on individuals, households, health systems and economic costs. Approximately 60% of the adult population in the USA (nearly 150 million people) are living with at least one chronic condition, mostly CIDs, and 42% have more than one such condition1. Autoimmune CIDs such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are ranked among the top 20 leading causes of death in young women, highlighting the urgent need to reduce disease burden2. Allergic CIDs (such as atopic dermatitis and asthma) and non-allergic chronic inflammatory skin diseases (such as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU)), together affect up to 30% of the global population and have a substantial impact on quality of life and productivity at school and work3.

The management of these diseases relies mostly on treatments aimed at reducing or preventing signs and symptoms, rather than preventing or slowing disease progression or curing the disease. In many patients with psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis or atopic dermatitis who have received targeted treatment with biologics or JAK inhibitors, withdrawal of the drug leads to the recurrence of symptoms within weeks or months4. In some cases, life-long treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs is needed to control chronic inflammation.

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Fig. 1: Overview of diseases with known targets for IgE autoantibodies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Allergology, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Pavel Kolkhir, Sabine Altrichter, Emek Kocatürk, Melba Muñoz, Sherezade Moñino-Romero, Jörg Scheffel, Carolin Steinert, Yi-Kui Xiang & Marcus Maurer

  2. Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany

    Pavel Kolkhir, Sabine Altrichter, Emek Kocatürk, Melba Muñoz, Sherezade Moñino-Romero, Jörg Scheffel, Carolin Steinert, Yi-Kui Xiang & Marcus Maurer

  3. Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria

    Sabine Altrichter

  4. Center for Medical Research, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria

    Sabine Altrichter

  5. Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology and Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Brussels, Belgium

    Fariza Mishaal Saiema Badloe, Hafsa Belasri, Shauni De Vriese, Jan Gutermuth, Lisa Huygen & Inge Kortekaas Krohn

  6. Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

    Fariza Mishaal Saiema Badloe, Hafsa Belasri, Shauni De Vriese, Jan Gutermuth, Lisa Huygen & Inge Kortekaas Krohn

  7. Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS EMR8252, Faculté de Médecine Site Bichat, Paris, France

    Nicolas Charles

  8. Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France

    Nicolas Charles

  9. Koç University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey

    Emek Kocatürk

  10. Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), UMR 1291, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France

    Laurent L. Reber

  11. Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany

    Carolin Steinert

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  1. Pavel Kolkhir
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Pavel Kolkhir or Marcus Maurer.

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Competing interests

P.K. was a speaker and/or consultant for Novartis, Roche and ValenzaBio, outside of the submitted work. S.A. is a speaker and/or advisor for and/or has received research funding from Allakos, AstraZeneca, Biocryst, Blueprint, CSL Behring, Moxie, Novartis, Phavaris, Sanofi, Takeda and Thermo Fisher. N.C. has received consulting fees and/or research funding from Argenx and Onward Therapeutics. J.G. has received research grants from the Flemish Science foundation (FWO), Sanofi concerning autoreactive IgE, and was an advisor or speaker for Abbvie, Almirall, Ariez International, Eli-Lilly, Leo-Pharma and Pfizer. E.K. was a speaker and advisor for Novartis, Menarini, LaRoche Posey, Sanofi, Bayer, Abdi İbrahim and Pfizer. I.K.K. has received research funding from Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (grant no. G056322N), AbbVie, Pfizer and Sanofi/Regeneron. M. Maurer has been a speaker and/or advisor for and/or has received research funding from Allakos, AstraZeneca, Blueprint, Takeda and Annexon. L.L.R. has received consulting fees and/or research funding from NEOVACS, Novartis, CEVA and Argenx. J.S. has conducted studies for and received research funds or was advisor for Allakos, Ascilion, AstraZeneca, CSL Behring, Celldex, Genentech, Escient, Novartis, Sanofi, Servier, Septerna, ThirdHarmonicBio, ThirdRock and ThermoFisher. M. Muñoz is or recently was a speaker and/or advisor for and/or has received research funding from Astria, Allakos, Alnylam, Amgen, Aralez, ArgenX, AstraZeneca, BioCryst, Blueprint, Celldex, Centogene, CSL Behring, Dyax, FAES, Genentech, GIInnovation, GSK, Innate Pharma, Kalvista, Kyowa Kirin, Leo Pharma, Lilly, Menarini, Moxie, Novartis, Pfizer, Pharming, Pharvaris, Roche, Sanofi/Regeneron, Shire/Takeda, Third Harmonic Bio, UCB and Uriach. The other authors declare no competing interests.

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Kolkhir, P., Altrichter, S., Badloe, F.M.S. et al. The European Network for IgE-Mediated Autoimmunity and Autoallergy (ENIGMA) initiative. Nat Med 30, 920–922 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-02819-9

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