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Co-catalytic metal–support interactions in single-atom electrocatalysts

Nature Reviews Materials volume 9, pages 173–189 (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are advantageous because every active atom is exposed at the surface, ensuring maximum utilization of catalytically active metals. To optimize the effectiveness of SACs, every atomic site needs to contribute to an accelerated reaction and retain this performance over extended use. The state-of-the-art approach for optimizing the catalytic properties of these atomic sites is through metal–support interactions. In this Review, we present the concept of co-catalytic interactions, in which both the single atom and the support are directly involved in catalysis by binding intermediates to enhance and alter the reaction mechanism. The power of this concept is highlighted for a range of important electrocatalytic reactions. First, we investigate the role of single atoms and supports in the reaction mechanism and explore the SAC designs that have successfully enhanced performance. We then discuss the synthetic targets and strategies for producing SACs that achieve co-reactant, functional group or intermediate binding for co-catalyst metal–support interactions. Finally, we offer a perspective on the future of SAC research and on the opportunities in co-catalytic metal–support interactions to further elevate electrocatalytic performance.

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Fig. 1: Metal–support interactions in single-atom catalysts.
Fig. 2: Metal–support interactions in water conversion technologies.
Fig. 3: Metal–support interactions in biomass conversion reactions.
Fig. 4: Metal–support interactions in direct liquid feed reactions.
Fig. 5: Metal–support interactions in CO2 reduction reaction.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge funding under the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Project (R.D.T., DP200100143 and DP230100596; J.J.G., DP210102698), Centre of Excellence (R.D.T., CE230100032) and Training Centre IC210100056 and National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator grant (J.J.G., GNT1196648). S.V.S. acknowledges support from the Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship. They also acknowledge support from Microscopy Australia and the Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre and Electron Microscope Unit at the University of New South Wales.

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  1. School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Lucy Gloag

  2. School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Samuel V. Somerville, J. Justin Gooding & Richard D. Tilley

  3. Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    J. Justin Gooding & Richard D. Tilley

  4. Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Richard D. Tilley

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L.G., S.V.S. and R.D.T. researched data for the article. L.G. and R.D.T. contributed substantially to the discussion of the content. L.G., J.J.G. and R.D.T. wrote the article. All authors reviewed and/or edited the manuscript before submission.

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Gloag, L., Somerville, S.V., Gooding, J.J. et al. Co-catalytic metal–support interactions in single-atom electrocatalysts. Nat Rev Mater 9, 173–189 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-023-00633-2

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