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Sources of indoor air pollution in New York City residences of asthmatic children

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology volume 24, pages 269–278 (2014)Cite this article

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Abstract

Individuals spend ∼90% of their time indoors in proximity to sources of particulate and gaseous air pollutants. The sulfur tracer method was used to separate indoor concentrations of particulate matter (PM) PM2.5 mass, elements and thermally resolved carbon fractions by origin in New York City residences of asthmatic children. Enrichment factors relative to sulfur concentrations were used to rank species according to the importance of their indoor sources. Mixed effects models were used to identify building characteristics and resident activities that contributed to observed concentrations. Significant indoor sources were detected for OC1, Cl, K and most remaining OC fractions. We attributed 46% of indoor PM2.5 mass to indoor sources related to OC generation indoors. These sources include cooking (NO2, Si, Cl, K, OC4 and OP), cleaning (most OC fractions), candle/incense burning (black carbon, BC) and smoking (K, OC1, OC3 and EC1). Outdoor sources accounted for 28% of indoor PM2.5 mass, mainly photochemical reaction products, metals and combustion products (EC, EC2, Br, Mn, Pb, Ni, Ti, V and S). Other indoor sources accounted for 26% and included re-suspension of crustal elements (Al, Zn, Fe, Si and Ca). Indoor sources accounted for ∼72% of PM2.5 mass and likely contributed to differences in the composition of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 exposures.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Electric Power Research Institute (EP-P15909/C7932). Rima Habre was supported by the Harvard School of Public Health Dean’s Scholarship. We thank Tom Gentile, George O’Connor and Lance Wallace, members of the CAPAS study scientific advisory committee, for their guidance in all phases of the study. Steve Ferguson and Mike Wolfson are also acknowledged for designing the air sampling monitors and conducting laboratory analyses. We also thank all the individuals who participated in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Rima Habre, Brent Coull, John Spengler & Petros Koutrakis

  2. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Brent Coull

  3. Department of Community Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    Erin Moshier & James Godbold

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    Avi Grunin

  5. Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    Amit Nath, William Castro & Neil Schachter

  6. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA

    Annette Rohr

  7. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

    Meyer Kattan

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  1. Rima Habre
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Correspondence to Rima Habre.

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Dr. Rohr is employed by the Electric Power Research Institute, which is primarily supported by the electric industry in the United States and abroad. EPRI is an independent non-profit 501(c)3 organization that funds external research at a number of universities and institutes worldwide. Other authors declare no other conflict of interest, personal, financial, or otherwise, with the material presented in the manuscript.

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Habre, R., Coull, B., Moshier, E. et al. Sources of indoor air pollution in New York City residences of asthmatic children. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 24, 269–278 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2013.74

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