Ribosome articles within Nature Communications

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis involves a large number of maturations factors which are responsible for the stepwise assembly of the ribosomal subunits. Here the authors use an array of biochemical and structural biology methods to investigate the function of the UtpA and UtpB complexes as part of the small subunit processome.

    • Mirjam Hunziker
    • , Jonas Barandun
    •  & Sebastian Klinge

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Mutations in the translational activator of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (TACO1) causes cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and Leigh Syndrome in patients. Here, the authors characterize mice with a mutation that causes lack of TACO1 expression, identifying a mouse model that could be useful for preclinical trials.

    • Tara R. Richman
    • , Henrik Spåhr
    •  & Aleksandra Filipovska

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Tsr1 is an essential ribosome biogenesis factor that has known similarity to GTPases. Here, the authors report the Tsr1 crystal structure and show that it is similar to GTPases but that active site residues are not conserved; modelling of the structure into the pre-40S maps allows inferences on ribosomal maturation to be drawn.

    • Urszula M. McCaughan
    • , Uma Jayachandran
    •  & Atlanta G. Cook

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The global measurement of ribosome occupancy on mRNAs is commonly used as a proxy in estimating rates of protein synthesis. Here the authors describe Xtail, a computational approach that facilitates the extraction of accurate quantitative insight from ribosome profiling data (Ribo-Seq).

    • Zhengtao Xiao
    • , Qin Zou
    •  & Xuerui Yang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    During protein elongation, the translocation of mRNA and tRNA molecules across the 30S ribosomal subunit is associated with large-scale motions of the 30S head domain. Here the authors carry out MD simulations to probe the associated steric interactions and identify novel tilting motions during the late stages of translocation.

    • Kien Nguyen
    •  & Paul C. Whitford

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The co-translational insertion of proteins into membranes requires interaction between a ribosome-bound signal recognition particle (SRP) and a membrane-bound translocon. Here the authors use cryo-EM and single particle reconstructions to obtain a comprehensive view of the co-translational protein targeting process.

    • Ahmad Jomaa
    • , Daniel Boehringer
    •  & Nenad Ban

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The anticodon loops of almost all tRNAs contain modifications known to be important for their function. Here the authors use crystallography to provide new mechanistic insights into how the modification at the wobble position of the E. coli tRNALysUUUassists in discrimination between cognate and near-cognate codons.

    • Alexey Rozov
    • , Natalia Demeshkina
    •  & Gulnara Yusupova

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) relies on an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) for translation of all the proteins encoded by its single-stranded RNA genome. Here the authors present a near-atomic cryo-EM structure of the HCV IRES bound to the human ribosome, shedding light on the initiation mechanism of HCV's and related IRESs.

    • Nick Quade
    • , Daniel Boehringer
    •  & Nenad Ban

  • Article
    | Open Access

    EF-G enhances the rate of tRNA–mRNA translocation on the ribosome. Here the authors use single-molecule FRET to follow tRNA translocation in real time, identifying new chimeric intermediates and suggesting how EF-G binding and GTP hydrolysis change the energetic landscape of translocation to accelerate forward tRNA movement.

    • Sarah Adio
    • , Tamara Senyushkina
    •  & Marina V. Rodnina

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Translation of mRNA into proteins is the least accurate process during genetic information transfer. Here the authors suggest—based on 11 high-resolution ribosome crystal structures—that the origin of protein missense errors involves molecular mimicry via tautomerism or ionization.

    • Alexey Rozov
    • , Natalia Demeshkina
    •  & Gulnara Yusupova

  • Article |

    Slippery mRNA sequences CC[C/U]-[C/U] are prone to +1 frameshift (+1FS) errors during mRNA translation. Here, the authors show that +1FS errors occur predominantly when CC[C/U]-[C/U] are placed at the second sense codon, and that error suppression requires m1G37-tRNA and the translation factor EF-P.

    • Howard B. Gamper
    • , Isao Masuda
    •  & Ya-Ming Hou

  • Article
    | Open Access

    To what extent translational control can contribute to global gene expression patterns in the disease state is poorly defined. Here the authors conduct genome-wide RNA-seq and ribosome profiling in a rat model of hypertension and uncover altered translation patterns in disease associated genes.

    • Sebastian Schafer
    • , Eleonora Adami
    •  & Norbert Hubner

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Cellular pathways modulating longevity and stress resistance are known to affect protein translation. Here the authors show that the RNA methyltransferase, Nsun5, or its yeast homologue Rcm1, regulates lifespan of three different model organisms by modifying ribosomal RNA at a specific cytosine residue.

    • Markus Schosserer
    • , Nadege Minois
    •  & Johannes Grillari

  • Article |

    Ribosome-associated protein biogenesis factors act during protein synthesis to facilitate modification, targeting and folding of the nascent polypeptide. Here, Bornemann et al.establish the dynamic interplay between these factors, thus providing new insight into the early steps of protein biogenesis.

    • Thomas Bornemann
    • , Wolf Holtkamp
    •  & Wolfgang Wintermeyer

  • Article |

    Our understanding of ribosome biogenesis is limited by a lack of structural knowledge of assembly intermediates. Here, Leidig et al.report a high-resolution cryo-EM structure of a pre-60S particle that suggests that substantial rearrangements of the 5S RNP are required during ribosome maturation.

    • Christoph Leidig
    • , Matthias Thoms
    •  & Roland Beckmann

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Mitochondrial ribosomes are uniquely affected by mutations in the mitochondrial genome. By mapping the position of ribosomes on transcripts, the authors here reveal functional differences between mitochondrial and cytosolic ribosomes, and show that mutations in mitochondrial tRNAs induce ribosome stalling.

    • Koos Rooijers
    • , Fabricio Loayza-Puch
    •  & Reuven Agami

  • Article |

    The antibiotic streptomycin increases errors in protein translation, but it is unclear how streptomycin exerts its effect on the ribosome. Demirci et al. present X-ray crystal structures that reveal conformational changes induced by streptomycin, which may inspire future efforts in antibiotics design.

    • Hasan Demirci
    • , Frank Murphy IV
    •  & Gerwald Jogl

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