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A role for TREX components in the release of spliced mRNA from nuclear speckle domains
The pre-mRNA splicing and TREX mRNA export machineries are found in nuclear speckle domains. Diaset al. microinject CMV-DNA constructs into cells and find that transcripts containing functional splice sites accumulate in nuclear speckles and that the TREX complex is required to release the mRNA once processed.
- Anusha P. Dias
- , Kobina Dufu
- & Robin Reed
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| Open AccessFolding of Toll-like receptors by the HSP90 paralogue gp96 requires a substrate-specific cochaperone
Toll-like receptors are involved in pathogen recognition by the innate immune system and rely on the molecular chaperone, gp96, for correct folding. In this article, the chaperone activity of gp96 is shown to be dependent on an additional endoplasmic reticulum protein, CNPY3, for some Toll-like receptors.
- Bei Liu
- , Yi Yang
- & Zihai Li
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| Open AccessRapid calcium-dependent activation of Aurora-A kinase
Aurora-A kinase localizes to centrosomes, is involved in the progression through mitosis and is overexpressed in certain cancers. Here, calcium is shown to induce Aurora-A auto-phosphorylation in a calmodulin-dependent manner, suggesting a novel role for Aurora-A in non-mitotic cells.
- Olga V. Plotnikova
- , Elena N. Pugacheva
- & Erica A. Golemis
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A single-vesicle content mixing assay for SNARE-mediated membrane fusion
SNARE protein-mediated vesicle fusion is usually monitored by indirect lipid mixing. Diaoet al. have developed a FRET-based single-vesicle content mixing assay, which elucidates fusion pore formation, and shows that the yeast SNARE complex mediates pore expansion in the absence of accessory proteins.
- Jiajie Diao
- , Zengliu Su
- & Taekjip Ha
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Calmodulin methyltransferase is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that trimethylates Lys-115 in calmodulin
Calmodulin is a key mediator of calcium-dependent signalling and is subject to post-translational modifications. Here, evolutionarily conserved methyltransferases are identified which trimethylate Lys-115 of calmodulin, implying a broad role in calcium-dependent signalling.
- Roberta Magnani
- , Lynnette M.A. Dirk
- & Robert L. Houtz
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| Open AccessIdentification of Thymosin β4 as an effector of Hand1-mediated vascular development
The Hand1 transcription factor plays a central role in cardiovascular development. Here the authors demonstrate that Hand1 regulates thymosin β4 and that the delivery of synthetic thymosin β4 can rescue some of the vascular defects in Hand1 null mouse embryos.
- Nicola Smart
- , Karina N. Dubé
- & Paul R. Riley
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| Open AccessOuabain protects against adverse developmental programming of the kidney
Poor maternal nutrition is known to affect fetal kidney development. This study shows that the sodium potassium ATPase ligand, ouabain, protects kidneys from cell death induced by serum starvationin vitro and from abnormal kidney development due to a low-protein diet in vivo.
- Juan Li
- , Georgiy R. Khodus
- & Anita Aperia
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Pseudogene-mediated posttranscriptional silencing of HMGA1 can result in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Pseudogenes are prevalent in the human genome; however, their biological function is relatively unknown. In this study, the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) pseudogene is shown to destabilizeHMGA1 mRNA. These findings have implications for diabetes, as two patients are reported to express high levels of the HMGA1pseudogene.
- Eusebio Chiefari
- , Stefania Iiritano
- & Antonio Brunetti
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PI(3,5)P2 controls membrane trafficking by direct activation of mucolipin Ca2+ release channels in the endolysosome
Phosphoinositides activate intracellular ion channels to release Ca2+ from membrane-bound stores. This study demonstrates that Ca2+-permeable mucolipin TRP channels, TRPMLs, are activated by the phospholipid PI(3,5)P2in murine endolysosomes and yeast vacuoles.
- Xian-ping Dong
- , Dongbiao Shen
- & Haoxing Xu
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TERRA transcripts are bound by a complex array of RNA-binding proteins
Recent work has revealed that the TTAGGG DNA repeats of telomeres are transcribed to form 'TERRA'. In this study, a set of RNA-binding proteins are shown to bind TERRA transcripts, altering the location of these transcripts at telomeres and regulating telomere abundance and length.
- Isabel López de Silanes
- , Martina Stagno d'Alcontres
- & Maria A Blasco
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Peptidoglycan architecture can specify division planes in Staphylococcus aureus
To ensure correct cell division Staphylococci must remember which plane they previously divided along, but the mechanism by which this is achieved is unclear. In this article, using atomic force microscopy, peptidoglycan ribs are reported to mark previous planes of division.
- Robert D. Turner
- , Emma C. Ratcliffe
- & Simon J. Foster
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| Open AccessSonic hedgehog controls growth of external genitalia by regulating cell cycle kinetics
The faithful positioning and growth of cells during embryonic development is essential. In this study Seifertet al. demonstrate that inactivation of Sonic Hedgehogduring development of the genital tubercle results in a prolonged G1 phase and a slower rate of growth.
- Ashley W. Seifert
- , Zhengui Zheng
- & Martin J. Cohn
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| Open AccessA doublecortin containing microtubule-associated protein is implicated in mechanotransduction in Drosophila sensory cilia
Mechanoreceptors are important for detecting external stimuli. In this study a putative receptor identified inDrosophilais shown to be potentially important for hearing and the amplification of mechanotransduction.
- S. Bechstedt
- , J.T. Albert
- & J. Howard
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Mitochondrial respiration protects against oxygen-associated DNA damage
Oxygen is necessary for mitochondrial respiration; however it can also result in the formation of toxic reactive species that can cause DNA damage. Using cells defective in respiration these authors demonstrate that mitochondria protect a cell from these harmful effects of oxygen.
- Ho Joong Sung
- , Wenzhe Ma
- & Paul M. Hwang
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