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During ribosome-associated quality control (RQC), ANKZF1 severs polypeptidyl-tRNAs on RQC complexes by cleaving the terminal 3′CCA nucleotides, which leads to tRNA fragments that are ‘quality checked’ and recycled in the cytosol.
Single-cell analysis of the 3D genome organization of rod photoreceptor cells and olfactory sensory neurons provides insights into the unusual chromatin organization of these cell types.
Doudna and colleagues determine the mechanisms used by type V anti-CRISPR proteins. AcrVA1 is a multiple-turnover inhibitor that triggers cleavage of the Cas12a-bound guide RNA, while AcrVA4 and AcrVA5 inhibit recognition of dsDNA.
Zhiwei Huang and colleagues report structural and biochemical data showing that the anti-CRISPR protein AcrVA5 functions as an acetyltransferase, modifying MbCas12a at Lys635, a residue required for PAM recognition. Acetylation of Lys635 creates a steric clash that prevents binding of target DNA.
ATG12 and ATG5 are covalently conjugated during autophagy. Exceptions are now uncovered: in Plasmodium and Toxoplasma species and in yeast Komagataella phaffii (previously Pichia pastoris), ATG12 and ATG5 form a non-covalent yet functional complex.
The cryo-EM structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 80S ribosome–Xrn1 nuclease complex reveals how the conserved core of Xrn1 allows binding at the mRNA exit channel of the ribosome, ensuring efficient degradation of mRNA after the final round of translation.
Structural and biochemical data suggest that the essential autophagy protein Atg2 acts as a lipid-transfer protein that supplies phospholipids from the source organelle (especially the ER) to the isolation membranes (IMs) for autophagosome formation.
Structure maps of RNAs localized to chromatin, nucleoplasm and cytoplasm provide a rich resource with which to investigate the interplay of RNA structure, RNA–protein interactions and RNA modifications.
Cryo-EM structures of the chromatin remodeler ISWI in complex with the nucleosome show local DNA distortion nearly identical to that induced by Snf2, while the histone core remains largely unperturbed.
P granules, which are cytoplasmic RNA granules that form via liquid–liquid phase separation in the posterior of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, require gel and liquid phases for localized assembly and stability
The crystal structure of a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody against Ebola virus glycoprotein isolated from a human survivor allows the engineering of variant antibodies with expanded activity and has implications for vaccine design.
Two evolutionarily distant SMC–kleisin complexes are shown to contain a bendable coiled-coil discontinuity near the middle of their arms, which permits a folded conformation with potential implications for DNA loading and translocation.
Histone variant macroH2A1.2 and chromatin remodeler ATRX act jointly to maintain telomere integrity under conditions of acute replication stress in ALT-positive cancer cells.
In vivo and in vitro protein-RNA interaction maps identify an RNA-binding patch within the allosteric regulatory site of PRC2 that explains how RNA-mediated inhibition of PRC2 is relieved by allosteric activation.
After acute agonist stimulation, phase-separated complexes form at estrogen-receptor-bound enhancer sites and coalesce into condensates with cooperative enhancer activity. Chronic stimulation causes the condensates to mature into a less dynamic, gel-like state.
Mechanical distortion of DNA structure induces off-target binding and cleavage by SpyCas9 at sites with up to ten mismatches, a potential mechanism that exposes cryptic off-target sites in cells during transcription or replication.
Hi-C analyses of meiotic and postmeiotic male germ cells show that global reprogramming of 3D chromatin organization gives rise to the highly compartmentalized genome architecture seen in mature sperm.
Comparative Hi-C analysis of synchronized mouse spermatocyte populations reveals dynamic changes in chromosome organization during meiotic prophase that permit homolog pairing while sustaining gene expression.