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The multisubunit phospholipid transport system Mla has been under scrutiny to determine whether it functions as an exporter or an importer. Structural studies accompanied by the reconstitution of the entire Mla system into proteoliposomes now reveal that ATP binding and hydrolysis drive phospholipid import.
The protein SARM1 is an executioner of axon degeneration through its NAD+ hydrolase activity. Three groups now report structures of human SARM1 in an inactive state and identify NAD+ as an allosteric inhibitor, illuminating an elegant mechanism of how SARM1 is activated at lower NAD+ levels and causes NAD+ collapse and axon degeneration.
Cryo-EM structures of radial spokes and nexin−dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) attached to doublet microtubules isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii provide a model for mechanoregulation of motile cilia.
Cryo-EM analyses of the reconstituted radial spoke head and neck from Chlamydomonas reveal a rigid structure with an acidic surface, well-suited for communication with the microtubule central pair, and provide insight into human ciliopathies.
Cryo-EM and biochemical analyses of a subcomplex of S. cerevisiae RSC comprising its ATPase Sth1, Arp7, Arp9 and Rtt102 show that large conformational changes are part of Sth1 regulation and advance a mechanistic understanding of RSC complex assembly.
TET2 promotes the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine on tRNAs and affects the processing or stability of different classes of tRNA fragments.
Cryo-EM structures, along with transport assays with proteoliposomes and bacterial growth analyses, show that the Escherichiacoli Mla complex mediates ATP-dependent retrograde transport of phospholipids.
A solid-state NMR structure of the transmembrane domain from SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein in the phospholipid environment reveals determinants of cation selectivity, a dehydrated pore and an N-terminal drug-binding site.
Ultra-low-input native ChIP-seq analyses of genome-wide histone H3.3 distribution during early mouse development reveal a CAF-1-dependent transition from a non-canonical pattern in the oocyte and zygote to a canonical distribution at the two-cell stage.
Cryo-EM structures and functional analyses of wild-type and constitutively active Mec1–Ddc2 complexes reveal the basis of Mec1 kinase activation and how Dpb11 stimulates Mec1 activity.
Cryo-EM and liposome assays reveal that Atg9 functions as a lipid scramblase, transporting phospholipids between inner and outer liposome leaflets. Analyses of mutants in yeast support a role for this activity in autophagy.
Cryo-EM analyses together with liposome and cellular assays reveal that human ATG9A forms a trimer that mediates phospholipid flipping and promotes autophagosome membrane expansion.
Three recent studies report cryo-EM structures of amyloid fibrils of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), which are linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. The results shed light on the structural basis of IAPP fibril formation, reveal remarkable similarities between IAPP and Aβ fibrils and will inform the design of anti-amyloid drugs in T2D and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
A new cryo-EM structure of human DNA-PKcs in complex with a Ku70/80 heterodimer and DNA reveals how Ku80–DNA-PKcs interactions create a scaffold to mediate DNA double-strand break repair.
A directed genetic screen of chromatin regulators reveals that histone H3K4me2 deposition facilitates recovery of protein biosynthesis following UV-induced DNA damage repair and extends lifespan in C. elegans.