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Analysis of the relationships between transcription, replication, and stability of large genes associated with common fragile sites suggests that high transcription levels alleviate genome instability by altering replication timing and allowing cells to complete replication before mitosis.
In this Review, Wiedenheft and colleagues retrace events that led from early endeavours to understand the role of Cas9 in CRISPR-mediated adaptive immunity to current efforts aimed at developing this enzyme for programmable genetic editing.
Comparative genome-wide analyses reveal that DNA replication origins fire near the initiation site of highly transcribed genes, ensuring co-directional replication and transcription in highly active regions of the human genome.
Cryo-EM structures of rat TRPV2 reveal the architecture of the full-length pore turret and suggest the regulatory role that the turret and lipid binding have in coupling the lower and upper gates of the channel.
Shah and Kuriyan highlight how the analysis of sequence variation synergizes with protein structure information, to provide new insights into specificity and allosteric regulation of signaling proteins.
The cryo-EM structure of budding yeast supercomplex III2IV2 is now presented, providing molecular details of CIV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) and revealing notable differences with mammalian systems.
Structures of yeast mitochondrial supercomplexes III2IV and III2IV2 are determined by cryo-EM, revealing the interactions between CIII and CIV and an overall different architecture compared to mammalian assemblies.
The intertwined structure of the Taf5–Taf6–Taf9 subcomplex is dependent on the chaperonin CCT for its assembly and subsequent integration into the general transcription factor TFIID.
The cryo-EM structure of the N-terminal acetyl transferase NatA in complex with the ribosome shows that NatA is dynamically positioned underneath the ribosomal exit tunnel to facilitate modification of the emerging nascent peptide chain.
Zhou, Gaullier and Luger review insights derived from cutting-edge biophysical and structural approaches applied to the study of nucleosome dynamics and nucleosome-binding factors, with a focus on the experimental advances driving the research.
Recent advances in the ability to detect mRNA base modifications have led to a renewed appreciation for the diversity of the epitranscriptome and its ability to influence gene expression. Now, a study in Cell adds acetylated cytidine (ac4C) to the list, identifying it as a widespread mark in cellular mRNAs that influences both mRNA stability and translation.
This Review discusses mechanistic insights into 5´–3´ RNA decay, such as translation–decay coupling, coordination between complexes that process 5´ & 3´ RNA termini, conformational control of enzymatic activity, phase separation, & RNA modifications.
Rubinstein and colleagues report a structure of the obligate respiratory III2IV2 supercomplex from M. smegmatis, revealing two functionally relevant conformations of the cytochrome cc subunit and a SOD subunit that may detoxify reactive oxygen species.
A combination of proteomics and structural analyses reveals the assembly mechanism of transcription factor TFIID in human cells and identifies the chaperonin CCT as a checkpoint in the process.
Point centromeres of budding yeast direct binding of a CBF3 complex that recruits the centromere-specific Cse4 nucleosome to CEN loci. A cryo-EM structure of CBF3 bound to its cognate CDEIII element and a model of the CBF3–Cse4–CEN complex reveal interactions underlying kinetochore assembly.