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In situ cryo-ET analyses of Borrelia burgdorferi flagellar motors locked in clockwise or counterclockwise rotation provide insights into rotational switching.
A SNAP-tag approach to monitoring histone dynamics at transcriptionally active sites in human cells identifies two distinct HIRA-dependent pathways that direct H3.3 deposition or retention.
The mapping of super-enhancers (SEs) in four stages of spermatogenesis reveals how meiotic enhancers remain ‘poised’ for activation as spermatogonia enter meiosis.
Cryo-EM structures of Rag GTPases in complex with Ragulator and the cytoplasmic tail of the lysosomal solute carrier SLC38A9 show how SLC38A9 promotes Rag dimer activation, essential for mTORC1 recruitment to the lysosomal membrane.
During translesion synthesis, eukaryotic DNA polymerase ζ carries out extension from a wide range of DNA lesions. Elucidation of the cryo-EM structure of polymerase ζ reveals how the enzyme catalyzes DNA strand synthesis beyond the lesion.
A cryo-EM structure reveals how nucleation-promoting factor Dip1 activates Arp2/3 complex and shows the actin-related proteins in Arp2/3 in a conformation that mimics a filamentous actin dimer, thus templating nucleation.
A new cryo-EM structure of mitochondrial complex I reveals ordered water molecules that connect key elements of the proton-translocating machinery. Analysis of the ubiquinone-binding site of complex I offers insights into the mechanism of catalytic turnover and the regulation of this essential metabolic enzyme.
Visualizing siRNA targeting of single mRNAs in living cells reveals that passing ribosomes temporarily unfold the mRNA, exposing it to siRNA recognition. This effect is due to the slow reorganization of many weak, suboptimal interactions within the mRNA.
The cell surface protein CD4 acts as a coreceptor for incoming HIV particles. However, the expression of CD4 in HIV-producing cells is detrimental to virus propagation and pathogenicity. To solve this issue, the viral accessory protein Nef forces CD4 endocytosis and targets it for lysosomal degradation. Structural elucidation of the AP-2–Nef–CD4 complex shows how Nef connects CD4 to the clathrin endocytic machinery, revealing a potential new target for anti-HIV therapy.
Moderate-affinity ‘secondary’ Rbfox binding motifs regulate RNA splicing during neuronal development in a manner that is dependent on Rbfox concentration.
Cryo-EM structures of free and DNA-bound pol ζ holoenzyme from budding yeast reveal how this DNA polymerase ensures fidelity and facilitates lesion bypass during translesion DNA synthesis.
A survey of human RNA-binding proteins based on luciferase-based 3ʹ-untranslated-region tethered function assays and identification of their target mRNAs provides insights into their role in RNA metabolism.
The nuclear piRNA pathway safeguards genome integrity in the germline by silencing transposable elements. Three recent studies have identified new players in the mammalian pathway. Two of these, TEX15 and SPOCD1, might provide a link between piRNA-guided complexes that recognize genomic targets and the molecular machinery that induces DNA methylation and transcriptional repression during mouse spermatogenesis.
Fluorescence microscopy and kinetics analyses reveal that Aβ42 oligomers generated through secondary nucleation are responsible for membrane disruption.
Cryo-EM, X-ray crystallography and mutational analyses reveal how Dengue and Zika virus protein NS5 suppresses STAT2 activity and interferon response in host cells.