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This Viewpoint discusses the concept of retroperitoneal surgical templates for lymph node dissection in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. The author evaluates the benefits and limitations of this approach and argues that the use of modified templates could increase the risk of unresected disease, leading to relapse, repeat surgery, and inferior survival.
Androgen deprivation therapy is a proven treatment for prostate cancer, but it can trigger biochemical events that might cause the cancer to progress to androgen-independent disease. This Review examines the mechanisms and cellular pathways involved in the change from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent prostate cancer. The authors discuss the pathophyisologic changes that are induced by androgen deprivation in patients with prostate cancer, highlighting potential targets for future treatments.
There is no established first-line treatment for Peyronie's disease and treatment selection should be directed by a combination of the extent and type of penile deformity, symptoms and disease progression. In this Review the authors discuss the numerous medical treatments that are available for the treatment of Peyronie's disease and introduce a treatment algorithm based on a number of clinical characteristics.
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is an inherited disease characterized by skin and uterine leiomyomas, and kidney tumors that are often aggressive. In this Review the authors discuss the etiology of this inherited kidney cancer and the diagnosis and management of affected families. The genetic changes underlying HLRCC and pathophysiological mechanisms behind the development of this disease are also reviewed.
