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Biopsy of small renal masses (SRMs) that look like renal cell carcinoma (RCC) continues to be debated and most patients undergo treatment without tissue diagnosis. At least 20% of SRMs are benign and most RCCs are low-grade and will grow slowly. Routine biopsy should be adopted to reduce unnecessary surgery.
Patients with prostate cancer are known to be affected by higher levels of depression than their peers. Patients with this combination are less likely to undergo definitive treatment and have lower rates of survival. A new study has investigated the likelihood of a diagnosis of depression prior to prostate cancer.
Bladder biopsy of normal-looking mucosa, as determined by cystoscopy, might not add clinical value in patients with positive voided-urine cytology after treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Methods to add value to bladder biopsies, such as characterization of molecular alterations, should be considered.
Prevention of recurrent disease is the cornerstone of the management of paediatric nephrolithiasis and includes an evaluation to identify underlying causes or risk factors of stone formation. 24 h urine collection should be an initial step in the evaluation of the metabolic status of every child with urinary tract stones.
Autophagy is a beneficial adaptive response to cellular stress, but it can also benefit cancer cells, and can contribute to development of resistance to cancer treatments. The authors describe the complex roles of autophagy and the developments towards modulation of autophagy to improve the effectiveness of prostate cancer therapies.
The multifunctional NUMB protein negatively regulates the NOTCH signalling pathway, which is deregulated in prostate cancer. The authors detail the complex interactions between NUMB and NOTCH, describing the current targets for therapeutic intervention and the potential use of NUMB profiling in patients with prostate cancer.