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Recent studies have changed our understanding of the prevalence and biological significance of DNAN6-adenine methylation (6mA) in eukaryotes. This modification is involved in regulating transcription, transposable elements and epigenetic inheritance, and thus can be considered to be a eukaryotic epigenetic mark.
Recent findings have demonstrated that Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) control gene expression through their co-recruitment to specific CpG island elements with transcription factors and non-coding RNAs. Moreover, they revealed that the interplay between PRC1 and PRC2 to achieve transcriptional repression is more intricate than was previously thought.
Recent findings revealed the extent to which mitochondrial translation and other cellular processes are mutually controlled. Mitochondrial translation is coordinated with the assembly of respiratory chain complexes and is positively regulated by microRNAs imported from the cytoplasm. In turn, mitochondrial translation stress activates retrograde signalling pathways that suppress cell proliferation.
Pseudouridine is the most abundant internal post-transcriptional modification of spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs and ribosomal RNAs. Transcriptome-wide maps of RNA pseudouridylation have recently established that pseudouridines are also found in mRNAs, potentially representing a new mechanism of proteomic diversification.
Recent findings revealed that DNA–protein crosslinks (DPCs) in yeast and Xenopus laevis are repaired by a dedicated, protease-based DNA-repair pathway. Mutations in the putative human homologue of a DPC protease result in premature ageing and cancer predisposition.
