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Bleeding associated with portal hypertension, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Surgery was originally the only treatment; however, over the past few decades, several new prophylactic and treatment options have evolved which call into question the role of the surgeon in the future management and treatment of bleeding portal hypertension.
The main vascular complications of inflammatory bowel disease are arterial and venous thrombosis. The mechanisms underlying these associations are not yet clear. This Review discusses the role of prothrombotic factors in the development of thromboembolism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and considerations for therapy.
Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and the subsequent alteration in the secretion of adipocytokines could contribute to hypertension, impaired fibrinolysis and insulin resistance. This review discusses the role of visceral adipose tissue and the adipocytokines in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
