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This Review describes the diverse roles for histone-modifying and chromatin-remodelling enzymes in mammalian differentiation. These enzymes are involved in both maintaining pluripotency and specifying cell lineage commitment. Recent progress includes their functional characterization in mouse modelsin vivoand a new appreciation of their multifaceted molecular functions.
To regulate gene expression, transcription factors must access DNA, which is organized in chromatin. This occurs on many timescales; in this Review, the authors discuss the mechanisms that underlie this interaction in regulated and stochastic processes.
Next-generation sequencing for variant identification is now becoming widespread, although pipelines have not yet been optimized. In this Perspective article, the authors discuss ways to minimize erroneous variant calls, in particular, by using replicates.