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The use of bariatric surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity has increased dramatically over the past decade, which has raised concerns about safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness. A new study by the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery consortium has assessed the safety of these increasingly frequent procedures.
Women with gestational diabetes mellitus have a substantial risk for progression to a permanent diabetic state, according to researchers in the UK. Could early identification of women at high risk for disease progression lead to improved intervention and preventative measures?
Although low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is thought to be central to the development of insulin resistance in individuals with obesity, the underlying cause of this inflammatory state remains elusive. A new study by Kos and colleagues suggests that the glycoprotein SPARC limits adipose-tissue expansion and promotes inflammation and insulin resistance.
The incidence of type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is increasing. A new study provides evidence that glucocorticoid therapy is safe, effective and associated with prompt restoration of euthyroidism in previously untreated type 2 AIT. The outcome of initial combined glucocorticoid and thionamide therapy can also help differentiate between type 1 and type 2 AIT.
The results of two independent, observational studies suggest that antidiabetic medications might have differential effects on cancer risk in patients with diabetes mellitus. Should these findings influence our approach to diabetes treatment?
Graves ophthalmopathy is a disfiguring and often incapacitating disease that is difficult to treat. A meta-analysis has compared the efficacy and tolerability of available treatment modalities and shows, among other findings, that intravenous pulse corticosteroid therapy is the most efficacious treatment when immunosuppression is indicated.
Multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus are seemingly very different autoimmune diseases. However, this Review discusses recent studies in genetics, epidemiology and immunology that have uncovered many features common to both disorders. Overlaps between T1DM and MS might lead to similar strategies in preventing and treating these debilitating conditions.
Depression, anxiety and diabetes-specific distress are common and serious comorbid health problems in type 2 diabetes mellitus that often remain unrecognized and thus untreated. Widely used guidelines have therefore recommended assessments of emotional well-being in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present Review discusses whether there is evidence to support this recommendation.
The metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder that consists of an accumulation of visceral fat tissue, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension, and can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the mechanisms that underlie the metabolic syndrome, focusing on the role of testosterone. The potential of testosterone substitution therapy to treat patients with the metabolic syndrome is also discussed.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex disease with a heterogeneous genetic and environmental background. Three relatively infrequent polymorphisms in genes of the insulin signaling pathway modulate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases related to insulin resistance in specific subgroups of individuals. This article discusses the role of these variants and demonstrates how difficult it is to ascertain the contribution of relatively infrequent genetic variants on disease susceptibility.
