Perspectives

Studies have shown that the three pathways of regulated necrosis, namely necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, can be therapeutically targeted. This Perspective summarizes existing data on the newly characterized cell death pathways in endocrine disorders.

Understanding mineralized tissues, such as bone and cartilage, in health and disease requires a thorough knowledge of their structures. This Perspective proposes a new imaging and characterization strategy for mineralized tissue research that utilizes focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy.

As we approach the 30th anniversary of the 1991 Wingspread Conference on endocrine disruption, this Perspective addresses some historical points regarding the advent of the endocrine disruption field and the conceptual changes that endocrine disruption brought about.

Disruption of the circadian system can alter microbiome communities and can perturb host metabolism leading to the metabolic syndrome. This Perspective discusses the role of intestinal microbiota in mediating the effects circadian dysrhythmia on human health.

Lipoedema is a disorder characterized by the symmetrical accumulation of mechanically compliant adipose tissue in the proximal extremities. This Perspective article proposes a new mechanism for lipoedema, in which dysfunctional caveolin 1 in adipose tissue becomes uncoupled from key feedback loops with matrix metalloproteinase 14, oestrogen receptor and prospero homeobox 1.

Osteoporosis interventions are currently recommended in a small proportion of postmenopausal women, of whom ~50% will experience bone fracture. This Perspectives proposes that broader use of generic bisphosphonates would result in reductions in total fracture numbers and suggests that the current bone density definition of osteoporosis requires reappraisal.

Prediabetes phenotype can influence the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention-based diabetes prevention programmes. This Perspectives suggests that diabetes prevention programmes are not effective in individuals with isolated impaired fasting glucose and calls for further research to improve prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in this population.

In this Perspectives, Lean and colleagues discuss harnessing social movements to address the obesity epidemic.

Although dietary protein is crucial for human health, excessively high protein intake could have negative health consequences. This Perspective serves as a word of caution against the trend of protein-enriched diets and provides an evidence-based counterpoint that underscores the potential adverse public health consequences of high protein intake.

The COST programme funded two European Actions for the systematic elucidation of differences of sex development and congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In this Perspective article, the authors describe the achievements of these two related COST Actions and highlight the gaps in research.

Mammalian sperm RNA carries hereditary information that regulates offspring metabolic health. This Perspectives discusses how the RNA code in sperm might be decoded in the early embryo and transformed molecular signals to influence embryonic development and offspring phenotypes.

Young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at risk of vascular complications. In this Perspectives article, M. Loredana Marcovecchio and colleagues present a new framework for managing the risk of vascular complications in young people with T1DM.

The aim of the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on Toxicity of BPA (CLARITY–BPA) was to provide a definitive evaluation of bisphenol A (BPA). In this Perspectives, the authors summarize the goals, design and problems of CLARITY–BPA.

Unhealthy food and drink surround us in our daily food environments. Here, Anna Peeters discusses how we can improve our food environments and details how clinicians can help implement and set healthy food policies across all our health-care settings.