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The increasing size of cancer datasets requires new ways of thinking for analysing and integrating these data. In this Review, Jiang et al. discuss considerations and strategies for wielding ‘big data’ ― large, information-rich datasets ― in basic research and for translational applications such as identifying biomarkers, informing clinical trials and developing new assays and treatments.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Anne C. Rios describes the development of multispectral large-scale single-cell resolution three-dimensional (mLSR-3D) imaging and the analytical pipeline, segmentation analysis by parallelization of 3D datasets (STAPL-3D), which enables the extraction of hundreds of molecular, spatial and volumetric features from millions of cells imaged in 3D, revealing details of the structural organization of human tumours.
In this Comment article, Bhangu and Caduff describe how the social science of medical anthropology uses qualitative methods to better understand how people in different parts of the world perceive and experience illness, and how this field of study emphasizes research approaches that humanize and add richness to our understanding of cancer in complex settings.
Venkataramani et al. used longitudinal intravital two-photon imaging to track migrating glioblastoma cells in vivo, and identified a seemingly unconnected cell subpopulation that was responsible for colonization of the brain by mimicking neuronal mechanisms of movement.
Malignant cells show uninhibited proliferation and cellular plasticity, features also reminiscent of embryogenesis. In this Perspective, Sharma and colleagues present their oncofetal ecosystem concept, discuss evidence of oncofetal reprogramming in malignant and non-malignant cells, and debate the therapeutic relevance of these findings.
This Review describes how advances in lentiviral-based cellular barcoding techniques, including both genetic and optical barcoding, have enabled the spatiotemporal fate of individual cancer cells and their progeny to be tracked, providing valuable information for biological discovery and possible clinical translation.
In this Viewpoint article, we asked four scientists working in the field of cancer nanomedicine to provide their opinions on how we can truly fulfil the great promise of nanotechnologies for the detection, diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer.
Using single-cell transcriptomic data, Joanito et al. reveal that colorectal cancers can be defined by the presence of one of two major intrinsic epithelial subtypes, and present a refined molecular classification system for these cancers.
This review gives an overview of natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies. The authors describe the various engineering strategies used to increase NK cell cytotoxicity and persistence, as well as the current challenges and opportunities for the future design of next-generation NK cell therapies.
Finding sex differences in the response of patients with melanoma to BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy, Vellano et al. show that this effect is mediated by androgen receptor expression and demonstrate that androgen receptor blockers can enhance treatment response.
Diamantopoulou et al. have found that in both mouse models and patients with breast cancer, the timing of spontaneous circulating tumour cell production coincides with sleep.
Environmental exposure to aristolochic acid-containing plant material and its use in traditional medicines have been linked to a wide range of cancers. In this Review, Das et al. describe the evidence for aristolochic acid as a potent carcinogen and explore the impact of public health measures on preventing aristolochic acid-linked cancers and nephropathy, with a call to action for the implementation of further preventative measures.
Cancer cells use telomere-maintenance mechanisms to achieve replicative immortality. This Review describes these mechanisms — telomerase and the ALT pathway — and the recent developments in targeting them as therapeutic strategies for patients with cancer.
Zhang et al. demonstrate that the adenosine deaminase ADAR1 prevents responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) through acting on cellular Z-nucleic acids, and show inducing Z-nucleic acid formation can induce tumour sensitivity to ICB.
Structural variations (SVs), which comprise genome-level aneuploidies and rearrangements, result in both copy number changes and novel interactions between formerly distant genomic elements. This Perspective discusses how the folding of the 3D genome, and differences in its folding across cell types, affect the formation of SVs and their impact on cancer cell fitness in different cancer types.
In this Journal Club, Kanaan and Copeland discuss a study showing that a high 1,25(OH)2D:25(OH)D molar ratio, indicative of vitamin D metabolism, is inversely related to the risk of highly aggressive prostate cancer in African American men.
This Review discusses molecular circuitry underlying adaptive plasticity in brain cancer stem cells, highlighting the transcriptional classification of the stem cell state, neoplastic evolution and development of therapeutic resilience, and critical brain-specific microenvironmental inputs with the goal of informing next-generation stem-targeted treatment paradigms.
Reticker-Flynn et al. show that exposure of melanoma cells to interferons and immune cells within lymph nodes leads to immune tolerance that promotes metastasis of both these cells and primary tumour cells.
