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Nanoparticles can deliver a variety of cancer drugs directly into tumour cells, which increases the efficacy of the treatment while reducing side effects. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have shown promise as therapeutic agents but it is difficult to get them into cells. Now Daniel Anderson and co-workers have demonstrated that self-assembled DNA nanoparticles can reliably deliver siRNAs into cells and silence target genes in tumours. As shown in this illustration, the DNA nanoparticles are tetrahedral in shape, with six protruding arms. DNA nanoparticles have a number of properties that are useful for drug-delivery applications: it is relatively easy to control their size and to bind either drug molecules or targeting ligands to them.
A phototransistor in which electric charges are absorbed by colloidal quantum dots and circulated in graphene exhibits high values for gain, responsivity and specific detectivity.
Quantum-dot-based infrared light-emitting diodes can achieve levels of brightness and efficiency that are competitive with state-of-the-art epitaxial devices by using linker molecules to control the distance between adjacent quantum dots.
A biochip fabricated on a silicon dioxide support grid allows genes to express proteins in the absence of cells, and the assembly of these proteins to be imaged in situ using transmission electron microscopy.
Gold nanorods coated with biotin can be used to detect single proteins in real time by monitoring the surface plasmon resonance of the nanorod with a photothermal assay.
Silicon nanowires configured as field-effect transistors can be used to quantify the binding affinities and kinetics of protein interactions, offering a sensitive tool for disease diagnosis and drug discovery.