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The quest to improve influenza vaccines is aided by research into the immune response that they generate. Two recent studies have focused their attention on the specificities of antibodies induced after vaccination with conventional inactivated influenza vaccines.
A recent study shows that spermidine has beneficial effects on health and lifespan in mice, and that these effects are the result of improved cardiovascular function. Similar effects of spermidine on humans are supported by epidemiological studies.
Tumors continue to escape therapies that target single signaling pathways. A recent study in mice shows that combination immunotherapy involving different arms of immune response can overcome this and cure intractable tumors.
Cancer-derived induced pluripotent stem cells provide a new opportunity to model the effects of the cancer genome. In this Perspective, Eirini Papapetrou discusses the future applications of these cells for cancer modeling and therapeutic understanding.
A recent study confirms an association between vessel co-option and resistance to bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) antibody, in patients with liver metastases. The authors suggest a combined therapeutic strategy that reduces co-option in mice.
Misfolded and hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau are thought to be responsible for some degree of neurodegeneration. The demonstration of a novel toxic cleavage of tau by caspase-2 opens up new therapeutic avenues.
A new study presents a protocol to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into microglia that closely resemble their in vivo counterparts. These cells offer an exciting new tool for learning more about the role of microglia in disease.
Aberrant injury responses in the distal lung likely underpin the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A recent study shows that defective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated hyaluronan binding impairs alveolar type 2 cell renewal, which may contribute to a dysregulated lung-injury response in IPF.
Recent studies have led to the identification of genetic loci that are shared between psychiatric disorders. Here O’Donovan and Owen argue that it is unlikely that risk alleles exist that are singular to any one such disorder.
The developmental trajectories of neuropsychiatric disorders suggest that early life events might contribute substantially to disease. Here the author discusses the potential to treat within these critical time windows of development to alter disease course.
Psychiatric disorders are difficult to model owing to their inherent complexity and heterogeneity. This Perspective focuses on the use of 3D brain organoids in modeling these disorders, considering both their advantages and their limitations.
Recent evidence indicates that one of the underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders is dysregulated dentate gyrus neurogenesis. Here the authors present evidence supporting this hypothesis and suggest therapeutic avenues.
Abi-Dargham and Horga discuss the challenges of developing and standardizing brain-imaging technologies to aid with the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Tumors often overexpress enzymes that synthesize fatty acids, but the requirement for fatty acid synthesis in tumor growth is unclear. A new fatty acid–synthesis inhibitor blunts lung tumor growth in mice, which implicates this process as a targetable liability.
Two new studies show that high-resolution imaging can detect active tuberculosis (TB) in people otherwise diagnosed as healthy. Individuals with these signs of active infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) were at an increased risk of developing clinical TB.
A recent study suggests that exposure to the mold Aspergillus induces the production of antibodies that neutralize interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which increases the risk of mycobacterial disease.
A new study has proposed a mechanism for the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) that links endothelial CCM3 deficiency to increased secretion of the vascular destabilizing protein angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2).
A new study shows that withaferin A, a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera, can exert profound metabolic benefits in mice, including body-weight loss, reduced hepatic steatosis and improved glucose control.
Patterns of splicing are frequently altered in cancer, and genes that encode splicing regulatory factors are often mutated. Thus, recent strategies have emerged to target splicing alterations in cancer, which are reviewed here.
